-
Did not want nations to engage in wars for religious conversion
-
Islam became faith and government. Muslims entangled religion with war, called jihad.
-
Frankish leader Charles Martel defeated the Muslims
-
Emperor Romanus IV arrayed forces against the Turks on the Asia Minor
-
Struggle between Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV over the legitimacy and authority of the papacy. Gregory excommunicates Henry, thus leading to a fight for the throne.
-
Called for the knights of Christ to take up a war of liberation to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims. Constantinople was on the way, free that area for the East.