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They used canoes and snowshoes as their source of transportation.
Men=Hunters
Women=Farmers
Elderly=Watched after the children -
They would use the barter system.
They would take only what they needed.
They would trade between families, groups, and the various
tribes. -
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Insufficiently dense population, required the Natives alliance to do the hunting.
Exploration and enlargement of territory to search for more and more furs. New France was constantly expanding.
Establishment of trading posts: foundation of the towns of Quebec and Three Rivers. -
Europeens were allied with the natives.
The Natives would get pulled into Europeen conflicts and the Europeens would get pulled into Native conflicts. -
They had the Mercantilism system in place.
Mercantilism is a way of financial organisation.
They would export more then they import.
Take in natural resources from colonies they had control over and sell finished goods.
New France would export natural resources back to France.
13 colonies focused on diversed farming -
Jean Talon tried to set up the triangular trade which was not successful.
They had subsistence agriculture which was to plant just enough to provide for your whole family. -
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Fur-trade economy passes into the hands of the English.
Creation of the North-West Company (1783) and the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821.
Decline in the fur trade by the beginning of the 19th century. -
New jobs in place like lumberjack, loggers and sawmills.
Improvement of canals, railroads and steamships.
Blockade by Napoleon in 1806.
Creation of BMOin 1817. -
Britain ends its protectionist treatment with Canada and establish Free Trade.
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This treaty means that all customs and duties between the two countries are ceased for 10 years.
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New regions were opened because there were too many people in Quebec but not enough regions.
The regions opened werre: Abitibi, Saguenay, Mauricie, Cpte-Nord and Gaspesie. -
He had 3 main points which were:
Increase custom duties.
Build railways.
Encourage immigration. -
There were many industries in Montreal.
Skilled craftsmen worked in the factories.
Manufacturing industries were powered by steam. -
1/3 of children did not live until ONE years old.
From 1871-1901, the population of Canada and Quebec rose 30-49%
People kept leaving their farms and leaving Quebec.
People moved to the USA becasue they had better jobs.
People were moving to more urban centres.
The rich lived well and the poorn lived horribly.
There was pollution, unsanitary living conditions, sicknesses etc. -
All stocks plummeted.
Black Thursday was when stocks dropped below zero, people got ruined and when people committed suicide.
There was a massive boom and because of that, families bought as little as possible, there were massive layoffs and most sectors of the economy were hit hard.
GOVERNMENT SOLUTIONS:
Public work projects, work camps, direct aid amd encouraged farming. -
Quiet Revolution began with the electoral defeat of the Union Nationale by Jean Lesage and his Liberal Party.
Main features of the Quiet Revolution:
To make the Quebec government the major force behind Quebec's social and economic developpement.
To modernize Quebec's educational system.
To weaken the influence of the church and to end Quebec's political isolation.
