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The fourth caliph of Islam was HAZRAT Ali (R.A). He ruled 5 years. He was prophet's son-in -law. He moved the capital to kufa, a town in present-day Iraq. In the end, he too was martyred in 661
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The third caliph was HAZRAT usman (R.A) . He ruled 12 years. In his ruled Islam spread very quickly throughout the region. The important work of completing the compilation of the holy quran was done during his caliphate of Hazrat usman
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Hazrat Abu Bakr ruled two years.His name was abdullah he got his nick name Abu Bakr.In his rule islam spread syria, and the great work of compiling the holy quran was begun.
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Hazrat Umar (R.A) ruled 10 years.He was very brave.In his rule Islam spread further into syria and into IRAQ. hazrat umar (R.A) caliphate is noted for the spread of Islam and for able administration.
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Hazrat Muhamad (s.a.w) passed away in 632.