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His long reign saw the conquest of the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia, transforming Russia into a multiethnic and multiconfessional state
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King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the English and Scottish crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death. The kingdoms of England and Scotland were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciary, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union.
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in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations, followed by a wave of Roman Catholic mob violence, both directed against the Huguenots during the French Wars of Religion.
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was one of theh few rulers to be liked durning and after his reign
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granted the Calvinist Protestants of France substantial rights
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was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.
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King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles believed was divinely ordained.
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He was appointed Cardinal
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Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre.
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The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars principally fought in Central Europe, involving most of the countries of Europe. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, and one of the longest continuous wars in modern history.
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was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers).
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His reign of 72 years and 110 days is one of the longest in French and European history
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series of treaties signed in osnabruck, munster westphalia and modern germany
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The Restoration of the English monarchy began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
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Louis began his personal rule of France in 1661 after the death of his chief minister, the Italian Cardinal Mazarin.
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1682, when Louis XIV moved from Paris, until the royal family was forced to return to the capital in October 1789
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7 May 1682 – 8 February 1725
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The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascending of the English throne as William III of England jointly with his wife Mary II of England.
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The Bill of Rights is an Act of the Parliament of England passed on 16 December 1689.It was a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William and Mary in March 1689
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The War of the Spanish Succession was fought among several European powers, including a divided Spain, over the feared possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under one Bourbon monarch.
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He is best known for his brilliance in military campaigning and organization of Prussian armies.
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Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg.
