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Bankruptcy
Carlos IV drove Spain to bankruptcy due to costly wars and misrule leading to higher taxes, sale of high offices, and forclosure of long-term loans. -
French Revolution
1789-1799
Challenged the idea of monarchy based on divine right; inspiration from the intellectual awakening called the Enlightenment. Argument for popular sovereignty. Napoleon Bonaparte. -
War With Britain
War with England over the next decade confronting the worlds most powerful navy. The Spanish navy was overwhelmed and the number of Atlantic sailings dropped drastically strangling colonial trade. -
Napoleonic Wars
1799-1815
1807 Napoleon invades Portugal. Royal family flees from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro -
Tupac Amaru
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Spanish American Revolts
Initiatives for independence came from native-born whites called Creoles to distinguish them from Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula -
Miguel Hidalgo
Father Miguel Hidalgo Creole preist who led the revolt against Spanish Royalists under the banner of the Virgen de Guadalupe. -
Jose Maria Morelos
Father Jose Maria Morelos took over the torch of the rebellion and declared independance. -
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon defeated -
Jose Maria Morelos
Father Jose Maria Morelos was captured and executed. -
Juana Azurdui and Policarpa Salavarrieta
Essential women patriots -
Simon Bolivar
Begins his string of triumphs with the assistance of the Llaneros. -
Bolivar and the Llaneros
Bolivar's army of Llaneros crossed the Orinoco Plains in capture the capital of Bogota -
Caracas and Quito
Bolivars forces capure Caracas and Quito -
Brazilian Party Achieves Goal
Brazil gained idenpendance while maintaining social hierarchy. Pedro I