-
Royal Absolutism
During the French Regime, the colony was under Royal Absolutism which characterized the political organization of France. Before 1663, royal absolutism was manifested mostly through the control the king exerted over the chartered companies which he granted exploitation monopolies. These companies had to answer to the king, who had the power to dissolve them. -
Ursulines settle
Congregations of nuns joined the Jesuits in order to participate in the missionary effort. The Ursulines settled in Quebec City, where they founded an institution intended for religious education of young Aboriginal women. They also looked after teaching the city’s young French women. -
Exocommunication
Between 1774 and 1776 (American Revolution) the church threatened exocommunication, which is a serious punishment that prevents a catholic follower from being able to recieve the sacraments and you will not be sent to heaven, for all the Canadiens who offered support to the rebel army. -
First Elections in Lower Canada
The first elections in Lower Canada were held. A Canadian majority was elected. The growing opposition lead to the formation of 2 parties; the Parti Canadien and the British party. These parties attacked one another not only in the House, but also in newspapers, encouraging the development of the partisan press. -
Rebellions
Thanks to the press, liberal ideas spread and soon turned into political demands. These demands were formulated by the British - merchants, among others, who had immigrated to the colony after the Conquest, but also by some Canadien professionals and merchants who followed liberal ideas. Meanwhile, during the 1830’s, some Canadiens adopted a radical position, which led to the rebellions of 1837-1838. -
Ultramontanism
The Catholic Church relied on ultramontanism to increase its power and to become more and more influential. The Church also wanted to insert itself into all parts of life in the colony. -
Institut Canadian de Montreal
Young professionals and intellectuals in Montreal founded the Institut Canadien de Montreal, a place for intellectual discussion. It had a library where Francophones could read local and foreign newspapers and borrow books on various subjects. -
Socialism
Socialism was meant to be a critique of capitalist industrial development. (capitalism has caused inequalities). Socialists were against the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few. They also did not believe in private ownership of business. -
First movie theatre
The invention of motion picture and the first movie theatre in montreal. -
Americanism
Americanism allowed American culture to make its way into Canadian culture. New habits of consumption were inserted. In 1952, the invention of television prompted a great number of families to buy a television set. Along with dances and music and theatre shows. While television spread American culture, it also encouraged the broadcasting of local cultural productions, such as soap operas. -
World War 1 Conflict
Imperialists were obligated to join the army at the age of 18 if of the male gender and Henri Bourassa and all the nationalists were not required to, it was simply out of voluntary participation. -
Communism
Communism is an extreme form of socialism. Communists wanted the end of the capitalist system and social classes by sharing the means of production (ex: young communist league of canada in 1923), devoted themselves to the union movement in defense of workers. -
Women vote federal level
Women were given the right to vote at the federal level in 1918 because of the first world war, therefore men were at war so there weren’t a lot of people to vote so they needed women to do so. -
French Canadian Nationalism
From 1920-1950, french canadian nationalism protected the french language and catholicism from the protestant british within Canada.
In order to raise the capital necessary for rural development, they counted on COOPERATISM, which would allow for the pooling of savings. Caisses populaires Desjardins for example. -
Fascism
Through the 1930's and 1940's, fascism promoted the restoration of a traditional order by authoritarian means, therefore it was under military rule. -
Women vote provincially
In 1940, Québec gave women the right to vote at the provincial level -
Traditionalism
In 1948, a group of artists published Refus Global, a manifesto that denounced the Catholic Church and its traditional values, which they held responsible for what they considered to be the province’s cultural backwardness. -
Death of Maurice Duplessis
The death of Maurice Duplessis allowed governments who advocated INTERVENTIONISM to obtain power. The state took control of education, health, social services and also became active in the area of culture. -
RIN created
The Rally for National Independence (RIN), founded in 1960, promoted nationalism. They got their ideas from socialism but did not want to eliminate private businesses. It was mostly french catholics
Against liberals -
Ministry of Education
The Ministry of Education was created, the Catholic Church lost its stronghold on education. However, the education system remained confessional, meaning that school boards were either Catholic or Protestant and the religious instruction continued to be provided. -
Sovereignty Association Movement
Rene Levesque founded the Sovereignty Association Movement. This association desired Quebec to be its own country or nation. -
SAM created
Rene Levesque founded the Sovereignty Association Movement, which was based on the fact that he wanted Quebec to be its own nation or country but still linked to Canada for certain things. -
Premier of Quebec
Rene Levesque becomes Premier of Quebec. -
Parti Quebecois formed
Because of Rene Levesque, the SAM and the RIN united creating le Parti Quebecois. -
Referendums
They held 2 referendums, which were public votes, to negotiate independence with the Canadian government. In 1980, referendum #1 was held and in 1995 referendum #2 was held.
