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bubonic plague killed one-third of the population of Europe
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sixth crusade - failure
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Crusade to “save” the Holy Land – a failure
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Heresy took hold in southern France and, through military conquest, Rome forced its exclusive right to interpret and deliver doctrine
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Although the armies of Rome withdrew some decades later, allowing the Orthodox Christians to re-settle Constantinople
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third crusade fails
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second crusades fails
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The cathedrals were the most visible display of the church triumphant
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Crusader states were established in the Holy Land
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Moslems, Jews and eastern Orthodox Christians alike were all slaughtered
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Pope Urban II in Rome called on Christians in Europe to join a crusade to liberate Jerusalem from the Moslems.
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Moslems led by Saladin reconquered Jerusalem