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in 632, Muhammad died. Leaders at the time appointed the first Caliph, Abu Bakr.
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After the death of Abu Bakr in 634, he appointed his successor, Umar the second Caliph. Umar is best known for establishing the Electoral College
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In 645, Uthman was elected Caliph by the Elector College. He is best known for checking and revising the text of the Qur'an
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Ali was the son-in-law to Muhammad and was said to be the Imam because he fell under the blanket of the blessed family of the last true prophet, Muhammad. His followers were known as the Party of Ali, or Shi'a Ali, which is where the name Shi'a today comes from.
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The second Imam, Hasan was named Caliph to the displeasure of many. This was the beginning of the division amongst the people, which led to the last true Caliph was said to be Ali.