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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII Reign
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1517
The Ninety Five Theses
German monk & Professor of theology, Martin Luther wrote this text, marked the beggining of Protestantism. The Proestant revolution, first media event in the world. -
1526
English Bible
William Tyndale, translator of the first authorized English Bible. -
1533
Act of succession
Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon, making their daughter illegitimate to the throne.
He re marries with Ann Boleyn (the lady-in-waiting) and makes their daughter Elizabeth, legitimate to the throne. -
1534
Act of supremacy
Henry VIII became the supreme and only head of the church taking the popes spot.
Meltage of the Anglican church -
1543
Act of Union with Wales 1543
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Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of King Edward VI of England
Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour -
1549
The Common Book of Prayer
Revision of the mass-book, led to the publication of the book of Common Prayer -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I "Bloody" Mary
Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.
First Queen of England. -
1558
Act of Supremacy
Queen Elizabeth I abolished the authority of the pope and became supreme governor of the Church of England -
Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth I
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Period: 1558 to 1563
The Elizabethean religious settlement
The name given to the religious and political decisions made during the reign of Elizabeth I, for England to unify the Church.
The settlement is considered the end of the English Reformation -
1559
Act of Uniformity
It says that people must attend church services once a week and use The Book of Common Prayer. The ones who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
1569
Northen Rebellion
Led by Earls of Westmorland & Norhenumberland, they rebelled against religious reforms and wished to replace Elizabeth I by Mary Queen of Scots -
1570
Elizabeth's excommunication
Pope Pius V declared that Elizabeth was a heretic and she was excommunicated by way of a Papal Bull (
order). The Bull released Catholics from any loyalty to Elizabeth and called upon them to remove her from the throne. -
1571
The Treasons Act
This Act made it treasons for everyone to say that Elizabeth I was not the true Queen of England & Wales -
The Babington Plot
It was a plan in 1586 to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I, a Protestant, and put Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne. It led to Mary's execution, a result of a letter sent by Mary (who had been imprisoned for 19 years since 1568 in England) in which she consented to the assassination of Elizabeth. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
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Defeat of the Spanish Armada
material disadventage on the spanish side made it an adventage for England to win.
Recruting efforts had been made: many more sailors!
The Queen had came up with a new fleet & a new strategy: Line Battle. -
Period: to
Reign of King James I of England
Son of Mary of Scots -
Gun Powder Plot
Guy Fawkes and other Catholic conspirators attempted to blow up King James I and the Parliament. -
The Great Contract of 1610
In reasons of the Kings huge debt he had inherited of and worsen, he came up with the Great Contract:
imposed custom duties, which the King received a certain fixed sum but,
The King wanted more & was sick of always having to ask parliament.
the Great Contract meant he would be able to spend his money the way he wanted to
Parliament refused and was dismissed anyway -
King James' Bible
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Period: to
Thirty Years War
Military defeats (Lord Buckingham, the king's advisor became very unpopular)
English at war with Spain & France
-The war led to a huge strain on finances
-The raising of troops (50 000) had important impacts on the local population -
Period: to
Reign of King Charles I of England
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Petition of Rights
Is an English constitutional document setting out specific individual protections against the state -
Period: to
The "Personal Rule"
Charles I ruled without Parliament for eleven years -
Period: to
The Bishops War
It opposed King Charles I to the Scottish Presbyterians. The starting point of this war was the use of a New Prayer Book by Scottish people in 1637 -
Short Parliament
First ever parliament, after eleven years.
It was disolved after 3 weeks. -
Period: to
Long Parliament
Parliament determined to remedy 11years of grievence and wanted to ensure regular parliaments -
The Grand Remonstrance
The "Long Parliament" votes a list of complaints for Charles I to make reforms, which he rejected. -
Period: to
1st Civil War
the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament
constitutional issues but above all, religion.
The First civil war would cost the lives of 190 000 Englishmen (in combat/from diseases) and last for four years. -
The New Model Army
a national, centralized army, controlled and paid from Westminster rather than the counties -
Battle of Naseby
turning point where they saw the Royalist forces weaken. -
Seize of the King
The New Model Army seized the King, after they were disbanded and not payed by the House of Commosns. -
Putney debates
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the King escaped
the King escaped from army custody and allied himself with the Scots (he promised to introduce Presbyterianism/Calvinism into England, in return the Scottish army would invade England and restore him to power)
Horrified Parliament (using a foreign army to wage war on his own people!) and led to the Second Civil War -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
Monarchy and House of Lords abolished, Anglican Church were suppressed. England was declared a Commonwealth (a republic). Governed by the Rump Parliament -
Agreement of the People
It was a series of manifestos, published between 1647 and1649, for constitutional changes to the English state -
Period: to
2nd Civil War
The supporters of King Charles I were against the supporters of the Long Parliament; a revolve of the Provinces against centralization and military rule. -
Period: to
The Protectorate (the Interregnum)
The Protectorate was the period of the Commonwealth (also reffered to as the Interregnum) during which England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the English overseas possessions were governed by a Lord Protector as a republic. The Protectorate began in 1653, with the dissolution of the Rump Parliament -
Execution of Charles I
The Army wanted the King to be tried, -
Period: to
3rd Civil War
The supporters of King Charles II were against the supporters of the Rump Parliament -
The Instrument of Government
England’s first and only written constitution -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
A millitary dictatorship, -
Period: to
Reign of King Charles II of England
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Declaration of Breda
Charles II promised a general pardon for the crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum for all those who recognized Charles as the lawful king. -
The Restoration
The Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland took place in 1660 when King Charles II returned from exile in continental Europe. -
Plague
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Great Fire of London
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The Popish Plot
Rumour of a plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II -
Period: to
Reign of King James II of England
After his brother Charles II died he succeded -
Toleration Act
established religious pluralism,
and freedom of worship for all Protestants -
Period: to
Reign of William III and Mary II as co-monarchs
In 1688, Parliament invited the King’s son in law (William of Orange) to invade England and seize the crown.
James II fled to France and William became King William III -
The Bill of Rights
It established the doctrine of Parliamentary supremacy, meaning that Parliament became the supreme source of law-making over the monarch and the courts -
Act of Settlement
Settled the order of succession and ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs -
Period: to
Reign of Queen Anne of England
William died in 1702. She succeded him. -
Act of Union
The Acts of Union, passed by the English and Scottish Parliaments in 1707, led to the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. -
Birth of party politics
THE WHIGS (The Whig Party) & THE TORIES (The Tory Party)
The Whig Party: Had supported the Glorious Revolution
Dominated British politics from 1715 to the 1780s
The Tory Party: Had supported the Stuarts
Remained excluded from major positions until 1783 -
Britain’s first PM
Robert Walpole
George II gave him 10 Downing Street as a residence. -
Outbreak of the French Revolution
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France -
Period: to
French Revolutionary Wars