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- New model army based off of Gustavus Adolphus army from 30 years war (Gustavus Adolphus = "Father of modern warfare" because of mobile artillery )
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James II - Open and devout catholic
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Significantly increases parliamentary power
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Improvments to
- Larger farms
- Increased crop yields
- Improved Climate -
- In 1732 textile factories using water are invented
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- Started because Charles II of Spain died without an heir
- In Charles will he left the Spanish throne to Louis XIV grandson
- This meant the possibility of the two thrones uniting as one and posing a significant threat to the balance of power in Europe
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- Brought an end to the War of the Spanish succession
- Allowed Spain to have a bourbon monarch but was not allowed to unify with France
- British Gain Gibraltar (Navel Base in the south of Spain at the entrance to the Mediterranean sea)
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Much more efficient than traditional methods of hand spinning
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- Boosted by agricultural revolution and increasing population because of surplus labor
- Britain had many natural resources to utilize
- Lax government restrictions on industry
- Interests of entrepreneurs represented in parliament, which had become significantly more powerful since the Glorious Revolution
- Britain had a ready supply of markets in its colonies
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- Peasents think there is an aristocratic plot to starve the peasants after a series of bad harvests
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- Abolished Feudal system
- Abolished feudal dues and tax exemptions
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- This outlines the rules of a constitutional government
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- Liberal reform
- Bourgeoisie Dominated
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- Had not met since 1614
- Massive financial issues for France after both 30 years war and support of American Revolution and Luis XVI needed to raise money
- Third Estate wants influence in government (They want reforms). "Doubling the third" or "voting by head". Louis XVI settles on "doubling the third".
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Third Estate Convenes and commits to keep meeting until a constitution is drawn.
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- Happened in reaction to Luis XVI stationing troops at Versailles for the following meetings
- Seen as a symbol of the monarchies abuse of power
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- Louis XVI attempts flee with his family but gets caught
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- If Lous XVI is threatened Prussia and Austria will attack. (Austria will only attack if the major powers declare war)
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- This is when things to start to become radicalized
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- Louis XVI is now deposed (No king in a republic)
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- Charged with treason and is executed
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- Jacobin Dominant, Sans Culottes
- Nationalistic
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- Mass executions of enemies to the revolution and want the restoration of the old regime
- This was carried out by the committee of public safety under Maximilien Robespierre
- Done to form a dictatorship of the people (Like Rousseu's "Social Contract")
- Eventually Robespierre is executed as the committee of public safety turned on itself
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Napoleon was first consul
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