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Enlightenment
It is a type of thinking that starts in France in the 18th century, that confronted the bases of the Ancient Regime. It’s spread started between the bourgeois people, and became a risk for the upper statements of the Regime.
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Reign of Charles IV
Spain was in a politic, economic and social crisis, with a conservative and absolutist government, a lot of people died because of hunger and diseases and there was a lot of analfabetism. The church controlled everything.
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French Revolution
The lower social classes and the bourgeoise finished the absolutism in France, making disappear the statement society and the social privileges. Defending the liberty, the equality and the fraternity. To avoid a similar revolution in Spain, the King Charles IV I imposed a tight control at customs and strict censorship to isolate our country from the French tumult. Link text -
Trafalgar Battle
It was a Naval battle between Spain and England, in which 600 Spanish boats were distroyed, that supposed a great lack of contact with America and an economic loss.
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Treaty of Fontainebleau
Napoleón, with the excuse of wanting to conquer Portugal, and then distribute it, he made a treaty with the first spanish minister, Godoy, in which he let the french army pass through Spain until they arrive to Portugal. This was a plan to conquer Spain in a pacific way, but nobody knew it. In only three months, Spain was invaded by french soldiers -
Abdications of Bayona
Napoleón invites to the royal family to go to Bayona, but it was all a cheat and the Spanish people tried to advise the king. Once they were there Napoleon force to Fernando VII to abdicate and give the crown to his father Charles, he, because of money, gives the Spanish crown to Napoleon, who offers it to his brother Jose Bonaparte. And this is how Spain passed to have a french king, ideologically closed to the liberals. -
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War of Independence
It was a patriotic war between the occupational french army and the Spanish citizens, it also was a civil war between the absolutist and the frenchfied ones. When Jose I Bonaparte was chosen as the new king, the Spanish people were unhappy because he wasn’t Spanish, and their real kings were detained in Bayonne. With the help of England, Spain won this war and the french soldiers went back to France.
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The mutiny of Aranjuez
Godoy starts to suspect about the invasion so he decides to go with the royal family to Sevilla. But there is a revolt in which Charles IV have to abdícate and give the crown to Fernando VII.
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2nd of May uprising
In Madrid, the citizens finally answered to the french invasion and made a revolt that started the war of independence -
Cadiz during the war
It was a free city, far of the war and full of bourgeois and liberal people. It was also a very commercial city.
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Supreme Central Court
In 1810, as there was a lack of government in Spain, the court assumed the politic power during the war, so they convoyed the Cadiz courts.
Their principal goal was to create a new constitution and deputies of all Spain went. There was two social postures: the liberals
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Cadiz Constitution
The principal goal was to settle the liberalism bases in Spain, so they started to create and abolish laws. Defended the national soberanity, the separation of powers, the juridic equality, the censitary suffrage, the Catholicism and the centralism. -
Treaty of Valençay
It was a treaty in which Napoleon and Ferdinand VII signed the peace between France and Spain. Ferdinand was also recognised as the king of Spain. -
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Reign of Ferdinand VII
Since he came back to Spain, the country had to pass difficulties and different types of government. -
Fernando VII comes back
Charles IV went to exile, so his son came back, Spain was in a total misery, and he didn’t do anything for improve it, known as the worst king of Spain, he made a regression to the ancient regime. -
The end of the war of independence
It finished when the Spanish army recognised to Ferdinand VII as the king. This war had terrible consequences, 500000 persons died, a lot of buildings were destroyed, and Spain had a big debt. And the Spanish colonies in America became independent. -
Abolition of the constitution
As Ferdinand VII was an absolutist king, he abolished it when he came back. He also cut the modernisations that liberals had made and started a repression against them. This was the introduction to the Absolutist Sexenium -
Riego’s Pronuntiation
After Ferdinand VII had imposed the absolutism in Spain, there were a lot of revolts formo liberals. Finally the militar Riego made Ferdinand to sign the constitution of 1812 and impose a more liberal type of government, and started the liberal trienium. -
The Sons of Saint Louis
Ferdinand VII went to the Congress of Verona to ask the Holy Alliance for help to regain his absolute throne. The Gallic king sent the so-called "One Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis" to end liberalism in the Spanish kingdom. Fernando VII regained the throne. From here the Ominous Decade would begin in Spain.
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The birth of Isabel II
Ferdinand VI had a lot of problems with his heirs, so he had to abolish the Salic law and proclaim the pragmatic sanction in order to Isabel could rule Spain.
