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Proclamation of Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII of Spain, called "the African"1 (Madrid, May 17, 1886-Rome, February 28, 1941), was King of Spain from his birth until the proclamation of the Second Republic on April 14, 1931. He assumed effective power at the age of 16, on May 17, 1902. During his reign, Spain experienced four major problems that would put an end to the liberal monarchy: the lack of true political representation of broad social groups; the bad situation -
Tragic Week.
The events that took place in Barcelona and other cities of Catalonia between July 26 and August 2, 1909 are known as the Tragic Week. The trigger for these violent events was the decree of Prime Minister Antonio Maura to send troops from reservation to the Spanish possessions in Morocco, at that time very unstable, being the majority of these reservists fathers of families of the working classes. The unions called a general strike. -
Military protest in 1917
The general strike in Spain of 1917 or revolutionary general strike of 1917, in Spain, refers to the general strike, -considered by its nature a revolutionary general strike- that took place in Spain in August 1917. It was called by the UGT (socialist) and the Spanish Socialist Workers Party, and in some places was supported by the CNT (anarcho-syndicalist). The general strike took place in the historical context of the Crisis of 1917, during the monarchy of Alfonso XIII of Spain -
Assembly of Parliamentarians.(1917)
Assembly of Parliamentarians was the name given to the meetings, never official, that took place in Barcelona and Madrid between deputies and senators from Catalonia and the rest of Spain between July and October 1917, approving a political reform that caused the resignation of Dato -
Annual disaster
The battle of Annual (episode known in Spanish historiography as Disaster of Annual) was a serious Spanish military defeat against the Rif people commanded by Abd el-Krim near the Moroccan town of Annual, on July 22, 1921, which led to a redefinition of the colonial policy of
The political crisis that caused this defeat was one of the most important of the many that undermined the foundations of the liberal monarchy of Alfonso XIII. -
Beginning of the dictatorship of Primo De Rivera.
The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera was the political regime that existed in Spain from the coup d'état of the Captain General of Catalonia, Miguel Primo de Rivera, on September 13, 1923, until his resignation on January 28, 1930 and his substitution by the "dictablanda" of General Berenguer. -
The Landing of Al Hoceima (1925)
The landing of Alhucemas was a military landing carried out on September 8, 1925 in Alhucemas by the Spanish Army and Navy and, to a lesser extent, a French allied contingent, which would bring about the end of the Rif War. It is considered the first air-naval landing in world history. The operation consisted of the landing of a contingent of 13,000 Spanish soldiers transported from Ceuta and Melilla by the combined Spanish-French navy. -
End of the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1930)
Faced with the progressive loss of social and political support, Primo de Rivera tried to strengthen his position before the Crown and sought direct support from the Army. But the response of the captains general was too lukewarm, so he presented his resignation to the king in 1930, who was accepted on the spot. "Alfonso XIII, who was a king without a Constitution, appointed General Dámaso Berenguer as president with the purpose of returning to constitutional normality. -
Final Reign of Alfonso XIII.
Alfonso XII left Spain voluntarily after the municipal elections of April 1931, which were taken as a plebiscite between monarchy or republic. Buried in Rome, his remains were not transferred until 1980 to the Pantheon of the Kings of the Monastery of El Escorial. -
The conviction by the Responsibilities Commission
The new Republican Courts were constituted on July 14, and among their first tasks they carried out the elaboration of the Constitution of the Republic.They also appointed a Responsibility Commission in charge of purging the responsibilities of former King Alfonso XIII.The opinion of the Commission in which the dethroned monarch was condemned for "treason" was approved by the plenary session of the Cortes The sentence would be repealed by a law of December 15, 1938 signed by the dictator Franco.