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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Absolutism and Global Stuff
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Oct 7, 1509
Reign of Henry VII begins.
Henery VII became King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Later he became King of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. -
Oct 7, 1513
Machiavelli writes the Prince.
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Oct 7, 1516
Thomas More Published Utopia
Book about a perfect society -
Oct 7, 1516
Spanish take over the Netherlands.
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Oct 7, 1517
Martin Luther begins Protestant Reformation
It all begins when he posts his 95 Theses -
Period: Oct 2, 1519 to Oct 2, 1559
Charles V
King of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor. Ruled Spain and Holy Roman Empire. At war with France and Ottoman Empire. Later became a monk. -
Period: Oct 7, 1519 to Oct 7, 1556
Reign of Charles V
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Oct 7, 1520
Sweden gains independence:
King Gustavus Vasa rebelled against the Danes and gained independence. -
Oct 7, 1521
Cortes discovers Tenochtitlan...
...and then destroyes it and defeats the Aztec empire. -
Oct 7, 1545
Council of Trent
In response to the Reformation, the Catholic Church meets to reaffirm what it stands for and to condemn the Protestant heresies. -
Oct 7, 1547
Death of Henry VIII
Henry VIII dies and is succeeded by Edward VI -
Oct 7, 1547
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan the Terrible is Crowned as the first tsar of Russia, after being Grand Prince of Moscow since 1533. He remains tsar until 1584. -
Oct 7, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
Peace of Augsburg: granted each ruler the right to determine the religion of his region. It also made Lutheranism legal. -
Oct 7, 1556
Philip II becomes King of Spain
Philip II becomes King of Spain, after the death of Charles V. He was the most powerful ruler in Europe. -
Oct 7, 1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England and saw through the expansion of the Anglican Church, and England’s political, economic and social development because of competent leadership. -
Oct 7, 1559
French King Henry II is killed
French King Henry II is killed in a jousting tournament; his fifteen-year-old son died soon after. -
Period: Oct 7, 1560 to Oct 7, 1574
Reign of Charles IX
Charles IX becomes king with his mother, Catherine de Medicis, who was acting ruler. -
Oct 7, 1562
Calvinist nobles provide military protection to French Calvinists
Calvinist nobles provide military protection to French Calvinists, or Huguenots. The Huguenots and Catholic armies begin a series of religious civil wars. -
Oct 7, 1566
Calvinists from the Netherlands attack
Calvinists in Netherlands attacked Catholic churches. Philip sent an army to punish the rebels. -
Oct 7, 1568
Dutch Revolt
Dutch Revolt against the Spanish begins. Led by William of Orange. -
Oct 7, 1571
Sea Battle at Lepanto
Sea Battle at Lepanto-Philip II joins with Venice and Papacy. He achieves his greatest military victory of his reign while defeating the Turks in a great sea battle off of the Greek coast at Lepanto. -
Oct 7, 1572
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
Catherine arranged the marriage between the Catholic kings sister, Marguerite de Valois, the Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot and Bourbon. After a failed assassination against a Huguenot noble, Catherine convinced her son to go on the offensive. Resulting with the massacre of ten thousand Huguenots in the next six weeks. -
Oct 7, 1574
Charles IX dies and Henry III begins his reign.
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Period: Oct 7, 1574 to
Reign of Henry III
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Oct 7, 1576
Antwerp sacked by the Spanish
Antwerp sacked by the Spanish as a part of the Dutch revolts. Surviving merchants and bankers moved to Amsterdam. -
Oct 7, 1580
Philip II takes Portugal
The king of Portugal dies and King Philip II takes over. -
Oct 10, 1580
Sweden conquers Estonia
Sweden expanded across the Baltic and takes over Estonia -
Period: to
Reign of Cardinal Richelieu.
1585- 1642: Reign of Cardinal Richelieu. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada, sent to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and restore Catholicism to England, is defeated by a smaller force of English ships. The English lit smaller boats on fire and sailed them into the Spanish ships, causing much destruction. -
Period: to
Reign of Christian IV
The Lutheran king of Denmark. Invaded northern Germany to protect the Protestants and extend his own influence. Lacked adequate military support. -
Edict of Nantes
Henry IV issued the Edict to end the French Wars of Religion. This allowed toleration of the Huguenots. -
English East India Company founded
English East India Company is founded in London. This is the first of the India companies that competed for trade in the East and West Indies. -
Dutch East India Company founded.
Even before the war with Spain ended, the Dutch were already expanding their colonial prospects. This was the second trade company after England's. -
James I becomes King of England
James I becomes King of England after the death of Elizabeth I. This starts the rule of the Stuart family in England. James would quarrel with Parliament many times over his spending problem and involvement in the Thirty Years War. -
Gunpowder Plot
A small group of Catholics attempt to blow up Parliament in an act of terror. -
Jamestown Founded
The second attempt at colonization by England succeeds after the failure of Roanoke. Jamestown eventually develops a strong tobacco trade and becomes very influential in the New World. -
Dutch revolt ends.
Spain and the Dutch declare a truce, effectively winning the war for Holland. -
Philip III expells Morsicos.
Philip III orders expulsion of Moriscos from Spanish territory. By 1614, about 300,000 Moriscos had been relocated to North Africa. -
Period: to
Louis XIII
King of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor. Ruled Spain and Holy Roman Empire. At war with France and Ottoman Empire. Later became a monk. -
Death of Henry IV
after 19 assassination attempts he was finally killed -
Period: to
Reign of Gustavus Adolphus
He was Sweden’s greatest King who leads Sweden to be the greatest military power in Northern Europe after defeating Denmark, Poland, and Russia. He died at the Battle of Lutzen. -
Romanov becomes Tsar
Mikhail Romanov becomes tsar after eight years of civil war, starting the Romanov dynasty, that will rule until 1917. -
Period: to
Reign of Frederick V of the Palatinate.
Was chosen in place of Ferdinand -
Archduke Ferdinand
The Catholic Hapsburg is crowned king of Bohemia. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
Thirty Years War begins with the Defenestration of Prague which sparked off the war. Ferdinand II, the Holy Roman emperor, unwisely chose to impose his Catholicism on his subjects, which caused them to revolt. The war goes well for the Protestants until 1630, when the Swedes intervene to protect their interests. -
Dutch East India Company establishes headquarters
Dutch East India company established their headquarters in Batavia, on the island of Java. The Company ruled the island on behalf of the Dutch. -
Mayflower lands
The Mayflower, carrying Pilgrims fleeing persecution in Europe, land in Massachusetts bay even though they were aiming for Virginia. The found the town of Plymouth. -
Charles I becomes King of England
Charles I becomes King of England. Son of James, he also had issues with Parliament. -
Charles abolishes Parliament
After Parliaments refuses to allow Charles more money and rule his own way, he sends them all home. Charles ruled without them for 11 years. When they return, Parliament unites against Charles. -
Ferdinand issues the Edict of Restitution.
Ferdinand issues the Edict of Restitution. This outlawed Calvinism in the Holy Roman empire and reclaimed Catholic church properties. -
Sweden Intervenes
Sweden lands an Army to turn the tide of the 30 Years War. Gustavus Adolphus declares war on Ferdinand II of Austria. -
Gustavus Adolphus dies
Gustavus Adolphus dies in the battle of Lutzen despite the Swedish victory. Sweden will enjoy another 80 years of dominance in Europe until finally defeated by Russia in 1709. -
Period: to
Louis XIV
Louis XIV takes power. Turns France into an absolute state, with power controlled entirely by the King. However, this came back to haunt the nation, because he repealed the Edict of nantes and stopped tolerating the Huguenots. He also tried to expand France’s natural borders, which cost quite a bit of money and eventually lost it anyways. -
Louis XIV takes power.
Louis XIV takes power. Turns France into an absolute state, with power controlled entirely by the King. However, this came back to haunt the nation, because he repealed the Edict of nantes and stopped tolerating the Huguenots. He also tried to expand France’s natural borders, which cost quite a bit of money and eventually lost it anyways. -
English Civil War begins.
After Charles attempts to arrest five members of Parliament and is received with hostility from Parliament and the nobility, Charles flees London to raise an army to fight Parliament. -
Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. The war had devastated Europe and was very expensive for the belligerents. The Peace came about when it was clear to the Hapsburgs that the Swedes and the French were threatening Austria. The Hapsburgs lost a considerable amount of power because of the war. -
Peace of Westphalia/ Spain recognizes Dutch Independence
Spain finally recognizes Dutch Independence.
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. The war had devastated Europe and was very expensive for the belligerents. The Peace came about when it was clear to the Hapsburgs that the Swedes and the French were threatening Austria. The Hapsburgs lost a considerable amount of power because of the war. -
English Civil War Ends
The war ends with a victory by the Parliament. The King is executed and a Republican Commonwealth is instituted. -
Loius XIV takes power in France
Turns France into an absolute state, with power controlled entirely by the King. However, this came back to haunt the nation, because he repealed the Edict of nantes and stopped tolerating the Huguenots. He also tried to expand France’s natural borders, which cost quite a bit of money and eventually lost it anyways. -
Great Fire of London
After a plague outbreak, London's bad luck continues when a massive fire destroys large swaths of the city. -
Peter the Great becomes Tsar
Peter the Great becomes Tsar of Russia. He turned Russia from a backwards nation to a modern European power. He waged military campaigns to capture a coastline, fighting both the Swedes and the Ottoman Turks. -
Siege of Vienna broken
Ottoman Siege of Vienna is broken by a joint Polish/German army. This was the Ottoman’s farthest advance into Europe. -
Glorious Revolution
A bloodless revolution that established William and Mary with a joint rule of Parliament and the establishment of the English Bill of Rights.
This finalized the concepts fought for in the English Civil War. -
Glorious Revolution
Also known as the Revolution of 1688, King James II of England was overthrown by English Parliamentarians and the William of Orange. The king policeis of Religious tolerance had been met with heavy opposition and resulted in his expulsion.
