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Henery VII became King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Later he became King of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France.
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Book about a perfect society
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It all begins when he posts his 95 Theses
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King of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor. Ruled Spain and Holy Roman Empire. At war with France and Ottoman Empire. Later became a monk.
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King Gustavus Vasa rebelled against the Danes and gained independence.
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...and then destroyes it and defeats the Aztec empire.
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In response to the Reformation, the Catholic Church meets to reaffirm what it stands for and to condemn the Protestant heresies.
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Henry VIII dies and is succeeded by Edward VI
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Ivan the Terrible is Crowned as the first tsar of Russia, after being Grand Prince of Moscow since 1533. He remains tsar until 1584.
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Peace of Augsburg: granted each ruler the right to determine the religion of his region. It also made Lutheranism legal.
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Philip II becomes King of Spain, after the death of Charles V. He was the most powerful ruler in Europe.
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Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England and saw through the expansion of the Anglican Church, and England’s political, economic and social development because of competent leadership.
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French King Henry II is killed in a jousting tournament; his fifteen-year-old son died soon after.
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Charles IX becomes king with his mother, Catherine de Medicis, who was acting ruler.
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Calvinist nobles provide military protection to French Calvinists, or Huguenots. The Huguenots and Catholic armies begin a series of religious civil wars.
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Calvinists in Netherlands attacked Catholic churches. Philip sent an army to punish the rebels.
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Dutch Revolt against the Spanish begins. Led by William of Orange.
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Sea Battle at Lepanto-Philip II joins with Venice and Papacy. He achieves his greatest military victory of his reign while defeating the Turks in a great sea battle off of the Greek coast at Lepanto.
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Catherine arranged the marriage between the Catholic kings sister, Marguerite de Valois, the Henry of Navarre, a Huguenot and Bourbon. After a failed assassination against a Huguenot noble, Catherine convinced her son to go on the offensive. Resulting with the massacre of ten thousand Huguenots in the next six weeks.
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Antwerp sacked by the Spanish as a part of the Dutch revolts. Surviving merchants and bankers moved to Amsterdam.
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The king of Portugal dies and King Philip II takes over.
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Sweden expanded across the Baltic and takes over Estonia
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1585- 1642: Reign of Cardinal Richelieu.
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The Spanish Armada, sent to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and restore Catholicism to England, is defeated by a smaller force of English ships. The English lit smaller boats on fire and sailed them into the Spanish ships, causing much destruction.
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The Lutheran king of Denmark. Invaded northern Germany to protect the Protestants and extend his own influence. Lacked adequate military support.
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Henry IV issued the Edict to end the French Wars of Religion. This allowed toleration of the Huguenots.
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English East India Company is founded in London. This is the first of the India companies that competed for trade in the East and West Indies.
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Even before the war with Spain ended, the Dutch were already expanding their colonial prospects. This was the second trade company after England's.
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James I becomes King of England after the death of Elizabeth I. This starts the rule of the Stuart family in England. James would quarrel with Parliament many times over his spending problem and involvement in the Thirty Years War.
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A small group of Catholics attempt to blow up Parliament in an act of terror.
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The second attempt at colonization by England succeeds after the failure of Roanoke. Jamestown eventually develops a strong tobacco trade and becomes very influential in the New World.
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Spain and the Dutch declare a truce, effectively winning the war for Holland.
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Philip III orders expulsion of Moriscos from Spanish territory. By 1614, about 300,000 Moriscos had been relocated to North Africa.
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King of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor. Ruled Spain and Holy Roman Empire. At war with France and Ottoman Empire. Later became a monk.
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after 19 assassination attempts he was finally killed
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He was Sweden’s greatest King who leads Sweden to be the greatest military power in Northern Europe after defeating Denmark, Poland, and Russia. He died at the Battle of Lutzen.
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Mikhail Romanov becomes tsar after eight years of civil war, starting the Romanov dynasty, that will rule until 1917.
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Was chosen in place of Ferdinand
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The Catholic Hapsburg is crowned king of Bohemia.
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Thirty Years War begins with the Defenestration of Prague which sparked off the war. Ferdinand II, the Holy Roman emperor, unwisely chose to impose his Catholicism on his subjects, which caused them to revolt. The war goes well for the Protestants until 1630, when the Swedes intervene to protect their interests.
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Dutch East India company established their headquarters in Batavia, on the island of Java. The Company ruled the island on behalf of the Dutch.
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The Mayflower, carrying Pilgrims fleeing persecution in Europe, land in Massachusetts bay even though they were aiming for Virginia. The found the town of Plymouth.
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Charles I becomes King of England. Son of James, he also had issues with Parliament.
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After Parliaments refuses to allow Charles more money and rule his own way, he sends them all home. Charles ruled without them for 11 years. When they return, Parliament unites against Charles.
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Ferdinand issues the Edict of Restitution. This outlawed Calvinism in the Holy Roman empire and reclaimed Catholic church properties.
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Sweden lands an Army to turn the tide of the 30 Years War. Gustavus Adolphus declares war on Ferdinand II of Austria.
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Gustavus Adolphus dies in the battle of Lutzen despite the Swedish victory. Sweden will enjoy another 80 years of dominance in Europe until finally defeated by Russia in 1709.
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Louis XIV takes power. Turns France into an absolute state, with power controlled entirely by the King. However, this came back to haunt the nation, because he repealed the Edict of nantes and stopped tolerating the Huguenots. He also tried to expand France’s natural borders, which cost quite a bit of money and eventually lost it anyways.
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Louis XIV takes power. Turns France into an absolute state, with power controlled entirely by the King. However, this came back to haunt the nation, because he repealed the Edict of nantes and stopped tolerating the Huguenots. He also tried to expand France’s natural borders, which cost quite a bit of money and eventually lost it anyways.
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After Charles attempts to arrest five members of Parliament and is received with hostility from Parliament and the nobility, Charles flees London to raise an army to fight Parliament.
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Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. The war had devastated Europe and was very expensive for the belligerents. The Peace came about when it was clear to the Hapsburgs that the Swedes and the French were threatening Austria. The Hapsburgs lost a considerable amount of power because of the war.
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Spain finally recognizes Dutch Independence.
Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years War. The war had devastated Europe and was very expensive for the belligerents. The Peace came about when it was clear to the Hapsburgs that the Swedes and the French were threatening Austria. The Hapsburgs lost a considerable amount of power because of the war. -
The war ends with a victory by the Parliament. The King is executed and a Republican Commonwealth is instituted.
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Turns France into an absolute state, with power controlled entirely by the King. However, this came back to haunt the nation, because he repealed the Edict of nantes and stopped tolerating the Huguenots. He also tried to expand France’s natural borders, which cost quite a bit of money and eventually lost it anyways.
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After a plague outbreak, London's bad luck continues when a massive fire destroys large swaths of the city.
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Peter the Great becomes Tsar of Russia. He turned Russia from a backwards nation to a modern European power. He waged military campaigns to capture a coastline, fighting both the Swedes and the Ottoman Turks.
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Ottoman Siege of Vienna is broken by a joint Polish/German army. This was the Ottoman’s farthest advance into Europe.
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A bloodless revolution that established William and Mary with a joint rule of Parliament and the establishment of the English Bill of Rights.
This finalized the concepts fought for in the English Civil War. -
Also known as the Revolution of 1688, King James II of England was overthrown by English Parliamentarians and the William of Orange. The king policeis of Religious tolerance had been met with heavy opposition and resulted in his expulsion.
