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A general leads ten thousand of his soldiers into Umayyad territory
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The Abbasids are able to overthrow the Umayyad caliphate and establish their own.
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The capital moves from Kufa to Baghdad. This is because Baghdad is right on the Tigris river and also closer to their non-muslim followers the Persians.
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During this time there were major advances in multiple fields. Some examples are, the scientific method and algebra.
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They march on Baghdad and demand to be rulers on this territory. The Abbasid could not do anything. This is widely regarded as the first major show of weakness form the Abbasid.
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The Seljuks are Muslims from Turkey and they stole away more power from the Caliphate making them very weak. Although they stayed the religious leaders of the world.
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The first crusade begins and the first battles between Islam and Christianity happen. Thus began the divide of the Islamic and Christian worlds.
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The Mongols kill the Abbasid Caliphate and destroy Baghdad Thus effectively ending their rule for now.
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The caliphate moves to Cairo in Egypt. This happened because of the Mamluks who took power in Egypt. This effectively put the Abbasid back on the map.
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Some refer to this as the true end of the Abbasid Empire. This event included the capture of Al-Mutawakkil III. The period from when the Mongols invaded to now is when the last few members of the Abbasid caliphate were on the run.
