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Clovis, founder of the Frankish state, conquers most of France and Belgium, converting his territories to Western Catholic Christianity. He founds the Merovingian dynasty and passes his kingdom on to his sons, who begin fighting one another for additional territory
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Top- the monarch (all the land belonged to him) He gave land to nobles who were loyal to him. This land was called fiefs because they were gifts from the king (but actually they had to pay yearly on the land). Nobles, also known as lords, owed the monarch loyalty and in time of war, they had to raise an army of knights and soldiers to defend the monarch.
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Arab forces conquer most of the Byzantine territories, formerly occupied by the Persians.
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Irish monks establish early-medieval art. The greatest surviving product of these monks is the Book of Kells, a Gospel book of decorative art.
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king john is in power
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A result of the growth of trade was the growth of cities.
Merchants would settle in the new cities, which caused craftworkers to follow. -
The Magna Carta" (Great Charter) in order to cease John's demands of money from the English without the consent of the barons and to require that all men be judged by a jury of peers in public courts, rather than privately by the crown. The Magna Carta serves as a symbol of a limited government and a crown that is bound by the same laws as the public.
