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This was a period of change for the Catholic Church to bring back the old recognition it used to have. To do this they created a new form of art and music, with the art being more dark and eccentric and the architecture kind of going back to the old Gothic form.
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The Galileo affair was a swquence of events beginning around 1610, culminating with the trial and condemnation of Galileo Galilei by the Roman Catholic Inquisition in 1633 for his support of heliocentrism (Italian: il processo a Galileo Galilei). ... Galileo was kept under house arrest until his death in 1642.
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The English Civil war was a series of conflicts between the English crown and the parliament. The people who stood for King Charles I were called the Royalists and the supporters of the parliament were named the Parliamentarians. During this war Charles I was executed and Oliver Cromwell established a dictatorship in England in 1649, but the war didn't end until the remaining Royalist forces under Charles II were defeated in Scotland in 1651
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The Thirty Years was the most destructive war to be fought on German soil and was the last of the religious war during the time period. The Peace of Westphalia was the historic document this bloody war. It took six months for all the countries involved to come up with an agreement to satisfy everyone, along with another six months after to get the signing ceremony organize and all the countries leaders to attend.
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Thomas Hobbes was believer that the only true form of government was that of an absolute monarch and he argued this claim in his book "The Leviathan". This was important because during his life he was witness to the English Civil war and became a supporter of absolutism.
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This was a law that was set that didn't let foreign trading ships were allowed to come and give there objects in England's shore. He did this so that they would have more money and make more of a profit if they're getting there own items from the colonies in the new world.
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Following the events of the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell took control over England as a Dictator rather than a King. When Charles II invaded England and defeated Oliver Cromwell and his army he ended up becoming the knew monarch of England and began restoring the old traditions.
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This was a law passed in England which excluded Catholics from public power by requiring people who held an office under the crown to take an Anglican Communion and commit acts forbidden in the Catholicism.
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The term Consumer revolution refers to the period from approximately 1600 to 1750 in England in which there was a marked increase in the consumption and variety of "luxury" goods and products by individuals from different economic and social backgrounds.
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This siege of Vienna began on July 17, but the initial battle was fought until September 12 in the year 1683, where pope Innocent XI persuaded 30 German princes, Charles of Lorraine, electors of Saxony and Bavaria , and John Sobieski of Poland to create a joint army to protect the city of Vienna. This army held 80,000 men and had to battle an army of 150,000 Turks. The battle lasted 15 hours, with the end result being the defeat of the Turkish army when they were drove out of the trenches.
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The Edict of Nantes was a document that gave religious tolerance to Huguenots in France and during King Louis XIV's it was withdrawn. This was a significant event because it terminated the little religious freedom the Huguenots said.
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This was a powerful movement where many of the traditional beliefs of the past were challenged by philosophers such as John Locke. New beliefs on education, gender role, government, society, etc. were all introduced during this time period.
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This book was the first of the three books that he wrote in his life time. The principia included his laws of motion, universal gravitation and points drawn from Kepler's laws of planetary motion. He also had some ides on his development on mathematics.
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Also known as the "Bloodless Revolution" the "Glorious Revolution" lead to the succession of King James II and the rise of William III, prince of Orange and Mary II. During their rule they signed the English Bill Of Rights which restricted the powers of the crown, causing the crown to lose its power to suspend laws, the power to dispense with laws, and they couldn't hold a standing army during a time of peace.
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John Locke was a strong believer that men were born naturally free not under the rule of a monarch and also believed we were born with rights of liberty, life and property. His argument for this among other things were greatly argued in his book "Two Treatises of Government" and through his beliefs, he inspired many revolutions and changes in government.
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Peter the Great was the 14th child of Czar Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. Having ruled jointly with his brother Ivan V from 1682, when Ivan died in 1696, Peter was officially declared Sovereign of all Russia.
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Rococo was a popular style in Europe in the 18th century, known for its soft pastels, ornate interior, sentimental portraits, and starry-eyed lovers protected by hovering cupids.
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This war was fought to maintain the balance of power at the time. Fallowing the death of King Charles II of Spain, who had no children or cousins who could rightfully take the throne, France had the chance to unite with Spain which would have created a "super alliance" the would totally off set the balance of power in Europe. In response to this countries such as England, Austria and Holland join forces to protect the balance, therefore beginning a long and bloody war.
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Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great, was Prussia's king from 1740 to 1786. By winning wars and expanding territories, he established Prussia as a strong military power.
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Similar to the War of the Spanish succession this was also a dispute of inheritance but on a much smaller scale. This war was fought over the Silesia territory that was seized by Fredrick the Great of Prussia. The two sides in this war was Prussia allied with Great Britain and Austria allied with France. This war caused colonial disputes in the New World between French and British colonies. The war ended with Prussia still maintaining control of Silesia, they colonial disputes weren't resolved.
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Maria was able to acquire the throne because her brother, the only son in her family, died and prompted Charles VI to issue the Pragmatic Sanction which gave Theresa the right to take the throne. During her rule she created a large standing army for Austria, restricted the power of the nobles, and eliminated tax exemptions for large land owners.
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The Commercial Revolution was a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the late 13th century until the early 18th century. It was succeeded in the mid-18th century by the Industrial Revolution.
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This period of music and art was right in between the baroque period and the romantic period and was were many historic musicians such as Mozart and Beethoven stepped into the lime light. The music that was produced was very happy and had different components from the previous periods that came before it.
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Louis XVI (1754-1793) Louis was born at Versailles on 23 August 1754. In 1770, he married Marie Antoinette, daughter of the emperor and empress of Austria, a match intended to consolidate an alliance between France and Austria. In 1774, Louis succeeded his grandfather Louis XV as king of France.
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The reversal of longstanding alliances in Europe between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. Austria went from an ally of Britain to an ally of France. Prussia became an ally of Britain
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The Seven Years war was a large conflict that took place globally both in North America and Europe. The two sides were Russia, France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden, and Russia against Great Britain, Prussia and Hanover. The battles mainly fought in the New World was over control of North America between France and Britain(Known also as the French and Indian War) and the battle mainly fought in Europe was again a struggle over the Silesia territory. This conflict was ended with the Treaty of Paris.
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In the early 1700s, there was an "enclosure movement" that was a cause of the industrial revolution in England. The enclosure movement was this: wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land.Jun 28, 2016
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A Discourse on the Moral Effects of the Arts and Sciences (1750), also known as Discourse on the Sciences and Arts (French: Discours sur les sciences et les arts) and commonly referred to as The First Discourse, is an essay by Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau which argued that the arts and sciences corrupt human morality
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Catherine II, often called Catherine the Great, was born on May 2, 1729, in Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland), and became the Russian empress in 1762. Under her reign, Russia expanded its territories and modernized, following the lead of Western Europe.
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Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the French Revolution (1789-1799).
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This was the first of three Partitions where Poland was split into thirds for seizure. This one was caused when Russia began a war against the Ottoman Turks and earned many large victory during the conflict. These accomplishments alarmed the Austrian government who then waged a war with Russia. Scared of getting involved in the conflict Prussia proposed to solve the problem that Prussia, Russia and Austria all take one third of Poland due to it being weak and ravaged after a civil war.
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This was the famous event where the 13 British colonies in North America fought and eventually defeated the British, winning their independence and forming the United States of America. This great conflict was caused by Great Britain's attempt to assert stronger control over the colonies and was influenced by enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, who advocated the right to stage a revolution.
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The piece represents Smiths views on economic system that he thinks will promote freedom within a nation. Known as the "Invisible Hand."
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The french revolution was a time in far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire.
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Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) The Haitian Revolution has often been described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. Slaves initiated the rebellion in 1791 and by 1803 they had succeeded in ending not just slavery but French control over the colony. -
It was first seen as the first feminist treatise. She wrote it to persuade woman that they have power and strength and have a say in stuff and can do what men do.
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Edward Jenner, an English country doctor from Gloucestershire, administers the world’s first vaccination as a preventive treatment for smallpox, a disease that had killed millions of people over the centuries.
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The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire, and maintain the peace between the great powers.
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The Black Death or Black Plague was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, ... Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is .... As it spread to western Europe, the disease entered the region from southern Russia ..... Europe's last major epidemic occurred in 1720 in Marseille.
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During the time the Dutch Netherlands gained a lot of power and wealth through trade and commerce.It was significant because through this time the Dutch were able to establish themselves a major competitor in trade.
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In Europe the idea of mercantilism was the English countries should export more goods than the import, basically meaning they should sell more than they should buy. Large trading countries such as Spain, Britain, France and the Netherlands all used this ideology to boost economic boom in both the mother country and their colonies
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During this time there were many advancements in this agricultural techniques. One such advancement was the was something called crop rotation, this is where the traditional grains where rotated with other crops that restored the nutrients back to the soil. Other changes included drainage of marshlands and introduction of New World foods.
