Why does Canada have two Official Languages: History of French and English Exploration
By jolly3rogers
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Feb 5, 1492
Christopher Columbus/
Christopher Columbus is credited as being the first European (after the Vikings) to report setting foot in the "New World" Christopher Columbus c/o Enchanted Learning
Image: http://www.realestatepuntacana.com/images/stories/Voyages-Christopher-Columbus.jpg -
Jan 5, 1497
John Cabot / Giovanni Caboto
Cabot was born in Italy but moved to England in 1495. At the request of King Henry VII of England, Cabot sailed to Canada in 1497, commanding the small ship called "Matthew." Cabot landed near Labrador, Newfoundland, or Cape Breton Island (the exact spot is uncertain) on June 24, 1497. One of John Cabot's three sons, the explorer Sebastian Cabot, accompanied him on this trip. Cabot claimed the land for England -
Feb 5, 1500
Fur Trade Depends upon the Rivers
The Fur trade between First Nations and Europeans began around 1500 with the first Eurpopeans landing; It depended upon the river systems. -
Jan 5, 1534
Jacques Cartier
Flag Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) was a French explorer who led three expeditions to Canada, in 1534, 1535, and 1541. He was looking for a route to the Pacific through North America (a Northwest Passage) but did not find one. Cartier paved the way for French exploration of North America. Cartier sailed inland, going 1,000 miles up the St. Lawrence River. He also tried to start a settlement in Quebec (in 1541), but it was abandoned after a terribly cold winter. (Established Hochelaga - Montreal)
Car -
Feb 6, 1534
New France 1534 to 1763
New France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763. At its peak in 1712 extended from Newfoundland to the Rocky Mountains and from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. The territory was then divided into five colonies: Canada, Acadia, Hudson Bay, Newfoundland (Plaisance),[1] and Louisia -
Juan de Fuca
Spainish Flag (Franco)uan de Fuca (15??-1601?) was a Greek navigator who sailed for Spain under a Spanish name; his original name was Apostolos Valerianos.
De Fuca sailed up the western coast of North America from Mexico to Vancouver Island in 1592, looking for a passage from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. He was perhaps the first European to see this area.
He sailed through the Strait of Juan de Fuca (which was named for him in 1725) -
Courier de Bois
Coureurs de bois: Médard Chouart des Groseilliers and Pierre Radisson
(French for "runner of the woods") a fur trader who went into the woods to find fur and trade fur with First Nations. -
Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain (1567?-1635) was a French explorer and navigator who mapped much of northeastern North America and started a settlement in Quebec.
Champlain also discovered the lake later named for him (1609) and was important in establishing and administering the French colonies in the New World. -
Henry Hudson
Henry HusdonHudson discovered a strait and immense bay on his final expedition while searching for the Northwest Passage. In 1611, after wintering on the shore of James Bay, Hudson wanted to press on to the west, but most of his crew mutinied. The mutineers cast Hudson, his son and others adrift;[2] the Hudsons, and those cast off at their side, were never seen again. -
Hudson Bay Company - Fur Trade
On May 6, 1670, Hudson's Bay Company (or HBC, for short) was formed. It was given all the land whose rivers drained into the Hudson Bay, which became known as Rupert's Land. -
Robert de La Salle
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (1643-1687) was a French explorer. He was sent by King Louis XIV (14) to travel south from Canada and sail down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. He was the first European to travel the length of the Mississippi River (1682). His mission was to explore and establish fur-trade routes along the river. La Salle named the entire Mississippi basin Louisiana, in honor of the King, and claimed it for France on April 9, 1682. He also explored Lake Michi -
Great Peace of Montreal
Great Peace of Montreal TreatyThe Great Peace of Montreal was a peace treaty between New France and 40 First Nations of North America. It was signed on August 4, 1701, by Louis-Hector de Callière, governor of New France, and 1300 representatives of 40 aboriginal nations of the North East of North America.
The treaty ended 100 years of war between the Iroquois, allied to the English, and the French, allied to the Hurons and the Algonquians. It provided 16 years of peaceful relations and trade before war started again. Presen -
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Battle of the Plains of Abraham (Seven Years War)
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, 13 September 1759, during the SEVEN YEARS' WAR, fought upstream from Québec on a tract of land that is thought to have been named after Abraham Martin, to whom it was granted 1635-45. A powerful British force under Major-General James WOLFE and Vice-Admiral Charles Saunders was sent up the St Lawrence to capture Québec. The French, commanded by Lieutenant-General the Marquis de MONTCALM, at first held the British at bay. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com -
New France fell - Turned over to the British in a Treaty
Québec surrendered on September 18. A French attack early in 1760 failed to recover the city, and later in the year the British captured Montréal and NEW FRANCE fell. -
Treaty of Pairs
after years of war Britain and France signed a treaty - this gave Canada to England -
Britain passes the Quebec Act
Quebec ActThei act recognizes the rights of Francophones to thier language, religion and identity -
British North America Act (Confederation)
Establishes Canada, as a bilingual, bicultural nation under with its own govenrment but allegiances to the Monarch of Britain -
Manitoba enters Confederation
when Manitoba entered Confederation with rights for Catholic/Francophone education and Protestant/Anglophone education -
Manitoba Schools Act
largely as a result of the REd River Risistance, led by Louis Riel, this act gave Metis land rights and established education rights for both Francophone and Anglophone peoples -
Manitoba Language Rights
recinded the rights of Francophones to publicly funded education and made Manitoba an officially English-only province -
Haultain REsolution/North-West Territories Ordinance 22
passed - called for proceedings in the Alberta Legislature to be English only, reuired English as the language of instruction in schools -
Official Languages Act
reasserted the equality of French and English as official languages of Canada -
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
The charter confirms official langugaes and establishes oficial language minority education rights. -
Francophone Parents in Alberta lobby for FRancophone Schools
Francophone parents begin to loobby under section 23 of hte charter for their own Frencophone schools -
Alberta has 26 Francophone Schools
as a result of asserting their rights under the charter, Alberta had 26 Francophone schools iby this year -
Vikings come to Canada
L'Anse Aux MeadowsExcavatiosn at L'Anse Aux Meadows give evidence that the Vikings led by Lief the Lucky had a permanent settlement in Newfoundland.
image http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Viking_at_MN_Capitol.jpg/220px-Viking_at_MN_Capitol.jpg -
Map of First Nations before European Exploration
Map of First NationsDate is actually just an approximation
