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Champlain's Arrival in North America
Samuel de Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence River and gazed at the meadows where Stadacona and Hochelaga had once stood. He said, "You could hardly hope to find a more beautiful country" He wanted to claim the beautiful country for France. -
Habitation of Quebec.
Champlain returned to the country with twenty-four men. He felt this was the best place to make his residence, and for the fur trade. He renamed Stadacona as the Habitation of Quebec. In the Native language, Kebec means river narrows. Houses were built from logs, that was sawed into plank. -
First Winter (April)
Champlain and his crew had to face a very cold first winter in Quebec. sixteen men died due to scurvy, and there were only eight left. There were Native people called Huronian's and they began to do fur trade with Quebec. The Natives told them to boil spruce bark in water to cure scurvy. Huron and the French became friends. -
Huron Iroquois battle (September)
Champlain with his crew and Hurons and got ready for the battle. In 100 canoes they crossed Lake Ontario and invaded the Iroquois country. They lost the battle with the Iroquois. Champlain's knew got injured in the battle and he has to spent the winter with Huron people and go back to Quebec in Summer. -
Huron and French relationship (July)
Champlain set out on his longest voyage in the new country. He was going to the country of the Huron people which more than a thousand kilometers inland. The Huron country was different than what he expected. There were tilted field and just beyond them, a big town surrounded by tall palisades. There were lots of people, and Champlain felt just like being in France. The Huron and French had a good bonding, as they needed each other. -
New France
Champlain required a place that was very deserving to be called New France. He wanted a spot where he could gather riches and respect and take back to his lord, the King of France. Numerous individuals began coming once again including workers, craftsmans, and ranchers. They started developing vegetables and supporting themselves inside the habitat. -
Goodbye Champlain
Only a few hundred people called New france- home, when Champlain was alive. He worked really hard to bring his country well, he crossed the Atlantic more than twenty times. Sometimes he would hold council with Native chiefs, then sail to France to beg support from the king, then return to encourage his pioneers at Quebec, rush back to France to publish his book.
He really wanted people to come and settle in New France, making it rich and wealthy. -
Rapid downfall of Huron nation
The war with the Iroquois raged more furiously than ever. Meanwhile, smallpox and fever, unwittingly brought by the missionaries, swept the longhouses, killing half the population. The survivors were grieving and fearful. Some became Christians, hoping the new religion would comfort them. Christian Hurons began to live apart from the others, and the nation became divided -
Creation of Montreal
The people who followed Paul de Maison Neuve to his settlement at Ville-Marie which grew into Montreal. -
Huron is Invaded
The Iroquois invaded the Huron country. They stormed the palisades, clubbed down the defenders, and burned the longhouses and cornfields. The Huron nation collapsed. Some people escaped, but hundreds were killed and even more were taken prisoner, to be adopted into the Iroquois nation. -
Attack on New France
As Champlain and his soldiers had helped the enemies of the Iroquois, and the Iroquois intended to teach Champlain's colonists who the true masters of Canada were. No more furs came down to Quebec. Iroquois war parties laid siege to Montreal and raided Quebec, sending terrified farmers fleeing from their fields. Some settlers gave up in despair and went back to France. Iroquois attacked New France, and many of the people left the place. -
Arrival of Filles du roi
When the first filles du roi arrived from France Jeanne Mance acted as a matchmaker in order to get more people and establish a school.
She recruited more teachers and established three schools where spinning, sewing, and cooking were taught, as well as reading and writing. -
South was captured
Forts around Bay of Fundy and Port royal were captured giving English control over Acadia until 1670. -
Colonization of New France
Louis XIV refused to let New France collapse. He took charge of the colony and sent a powerful governor-general and a regiment of soldiers to fight the Iroquois. Although the Iroquois were too skilled, the French had become stronger. The Iroquois agreed to make peace. The French soldiers stayed on to become settlers. The king gave the army officers great tracts of land called seigneuries, and many of the soldiers settled down as their tenants. Since then the population began to increase. -
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Wars between French and English
King William's war was fought between the French, English and their First Nation allies in Canada, Acadia, and New England. -
English tries to Capture New France
New France was often at war. The English tried to capture New France again. They came to Quebec in a fleet of ships and laid siege to the town. The governor-general, Count Frontenac, defied them. When they demanded that he surrender, he cried, "My only reply shall come from the mouths of my cannon!" The English invaders retreated. -
Iroquois raided New France
Iroquois warriors raided the settlements of New France once more, and this time their one of targets was the seigneurie of Verchères, downriver from Montreal. Jarret de Verchèrcs's daughter Madeleine's smartness saved New France. -
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French and English war
The French and the Spanish allies in Florida fought against the British in a war from Newfoundland to Florida -
Sever Years War
The Seven Years War began, and It was fought between France-Austria against Britain-Prussia. The empires of Europe struggled to maintain colonial territory, economic wealth and power. This increased tensions between France and Britain as they both had colonies in North America. -
Louisbourg Surrendered (july)
After the attack by the British by Jeffrey Amherst and James Wolfe, The French surrendered. The British cut the French's supply to Canada leaving them without supplies. -
Montcalm receives few soldiers
Montcalm of France received fewer soldiers than he expected. He got 400 instead. about 30 of them had already abandoned the ship before they got there, and 40 were sick. The others were disorderly. -
Siege of Quebec
When General Wolfe could not attack the city of Quebec, he ordered his gunners to destroy it, and they fired cannonballs and exploding mortar bombs from across the river. Soon the handsome cathedral, the Ursuline convent, the intendant's palace, and hundreds of homes were pounded into ruin. -
Battle on the Plains of Abraham
Wolfe was determined and on the night he landed his soldiers at the foot of the cliffs, and they scrambled to the top without being seen. By dawn, James Wolfe's army stood on the Plains of Abraham. Montcalm and his soldiers came out to face them. The French army was exhausted, but, Montcalm had fought the invaders every step of the way, and he would not let them have Quebec without a battle. The battle occurred, and the French lost. Both the generals were fatally shot and died soon. -
British Flag
As the British won the war. The British flag was raised in Canada for the first time on top of Mountain street in Quebec. -
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Seigneurs and soldiers return France
Under the new conditions, the French could return back home. The Seigneurs and some French soldiers returned home.
There were 500 people who stayed in Canada as they married Canadian wives. -
Terms and conditions accepted
There were some French surrenders that still lived in Quebec, The British agreed to Accept three conditions.
1. Right to speak French
2. Right to keep their land
3. and Right to practise the Catholic faith -
The Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris was finally signed in 1763.
willingly, French let Britain maintain control of Canada and in return, Britain let France keep control of Guadeloupe. This treaty changed North America a lot, because of the influence it gave Britain over Canada.
