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Initiation:
In the early months of 1810, there were many conspiracy groups of criollos. In these meetings they had, they would say they were in a book club meeting or something else, but they were actually discussing about politics and how they wanted to go against the Spaniards.These increased more thanks to the fact that two years before, Joseph Bonaparte took over Spain, which meant worse for them. This is important because one of these groups,(Josefa's group) would later help start the movement. -
Initiation: Josefa Informs to Save the Independence Movement
Gachupines knew about the criollos Independence movement conspiracy group in Querétaro. This was because of criollos officials that didn't want the movement to happen. Hidalgo was some of the many they wanted to arrest in this day. Josefa Ortiz informed the criollos and Allende went to inform Hidalgo so they could start the movement earlier in september 16. This date is important because it is the reason why the Independence started earlier and actually happened. -
Initiation: Grito de Dolores
After Miguel Hidalgo was informed about the Spaniards knowing about the groups, he had to start the movement earlier in order for it to actually happen. So in this day, In his parroquia in Dolores, Guanajuato, he made an announcement of fighiting against the Spaniards for Independence. Many of his parroquianos were indegenous people that lived in horrible conditions. It is what saves the actual movement and makes Hidalgo become the leader of the movement. -
Resistance: Alhóndiga de Granaditas
This day is known as the heroic act of El Pipila. After the insurrection began in the town of Dolores, they moved to the city of Guanajuato. They participated in the toma de la Alhóndiga de Granaditas. Hidalgo and others decided that the only way was burning the alhóndinga front door, where they the raiders could pass. El Pipila did this. He covered his back with a rock and with an antorcha burned it. Thanks to El Pipila, they were able to win the Spaniards in here. -
Resistance: Batalla del Monte de las Cruces
This battle happened en Monte de las Cruces, near Toluca, in Ocoyoacac, Estado de México. The realistas were defeated by more than 80,000 insurgents. They gained a lot of weapons from the Spaiards and were ABOUT to enter the City of Mexico. This is important because after this battle, because Hidalgo did not want more killings, he decided to step back from the city of Mexico, a tactic error is made. -
Resistance: Battles of January
In January there were many battles, and the insurgentes lost in some. The first one is the Batalla de Tres Palos in January 4, 1811, insurgentes win. The seond one is in the 7th the Batalla de Aguanueva, insurgentes win. The third one, in the 14th, Batalla de Urepetiro, realistas win. Batalla de Puente de Calderón in the 17th, realistas win. And at last, the Batalla de Puerto del Carnero. the 20th, insurgentes won. -
Resistance: Death of Hidalgo
Hidalgo is killed in Chihuahua and his head is sent to Guanajuato. This is important because it means that the first part of the Independence is over, now it is anew part, with a new leader, José María Morelos. It is also important because of how they killed him cruelly and without compassion, everything Hidalgo, a priest, was repugnated by and against of. They also did this to scare others.His head was sent in a cage spent some years in the Toma de Alhóndiga de Granaditas. -
Resistance: José María Morelos's Ideas Destroyed
Morelos had given a lot of political ideas, Constitution ideas, etc, in congresses, but in November 5 of 1815 in the new insurgent Congress, Morelos was defeated in the Battle Temalaca, Puebla. He was arrested. He was jailed in the Inquisition building in Mexico City. This is important because José would later be killed, and this would cause a sort of decline in the next 6 years of the Indpendence movement. -
Consolidation: Plan de Iguala
This is a plan Agustin Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero were behind, it started the 24th of february of 1821 in the city of Iguala. This plan consisted of starting a Constitutional Monarchy in Mexico. The three principles were:
-the primacy of Roman Catholicism
-absolute political independence of Mexico
-social equality for all
In other words, Religion, Independence and Unity.
They also made an ejercito called el ejercito de las tres garantías, this army would defend this ideas. -
Consummation: End of War, Independence of Mexico Begins
In September 1821, Iturbide and the insurgents get to enter Mexico city , this ended the eleven years of war. This is important since it ends the actual war still going on in Mexico since the Independence was already done. Finally, this would mean a new era for Mexico, where Iturbide would be Emperor, the first Mexican Emperor.
