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Queen Elizabeth dies at the age of 69 from blood poisoning.
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Thirty Years War started in 1618 between Catholics and the Protestants in Europe. It included all of Europe except England.
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Drebbel was a Dutch engineer and inventor. He built the first human-powered submarine.
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Charles I became King of England and held this title for 24 years. During his last years he fought in the English Civil War.
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The English Civil War was led to execution of Charles I and it also established the republican of commonwealth.
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The Treaty of Westphalia is signed, ending the Thirty Years War and radically shifting the balance of power in Europe.
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St. Petersburg was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great in Russia. This was the capitol of Russia and was open to year-long trade.
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South Carolina becomes the first English colony with an African-American majority.