Unit III - The Rise and Fall of Rome

Rome Begins

753 BCE

This is important because this is when Rome starts as just a simple city in Italy.

Tribunes

494 BCE

This event is important because this is when Plebeians started to gain more power because they realized their role in the army. The Tribunes were 10 men who represented interests of plebs and they were able to veto unfavorable laws.

Plebeian Council

471 BCE

This is important because this is when the Plebeian Council was created. They were granted power to approve laws that applied to plebeians.

Twelve Tables

450 BCE

This is important because this was when the first system of written laws in Rome were created (Twelve Tables).

Plebeian Council pt. 2

287 BCE

This date is important because this is when the council gained power to approve all laws, marry with patricians, and hold office.

Rome Threats Conquered

265 BCE

This is important because it's when the Rome Republic was surrounded by outside threats from neighbors, Greeks and Etruscans, and then they are conquered as Rome spreads.

First Punic War

264 BCE

This is important because this is the fight over the island Sicily with Roman victory over Carthaginian navy. This is between 264 B.C. and 241 B.C.

Second Punic War

218 BCE

This is important because this is when Rome breaks the treaty with Carthage and goes to war as Carthage sends Hannibal across Alps invading Italy. This is between 218 B.C. and 202 B.C.

Second Punic War - Battle of Cannae

216 BCE

This is important because this is when the entire Roman army of 80,000 men are encircled and killed. Which is the worst defeat in Roman history.

Macedonian Wars

215 BCE

This is important because the Roman Republic was drawn into protecting small Greek kingdoms from Macedonia through five wars that greatly weaken the power of the Hellenistic Kingdoms in the east. These wars showed that foreign campaigns can bring great benefits to Rome making the commanders great wealth, fame, and political power. This is between 215 B.C. and 148 B.C.

Second Punic War - Battle of Zama

206 BCE

This is important because this is when Rome sends army to Carthage forcing Hannibal to retreat from Rome to do battle which he loses.

Third Punic War

149 BCE

This is important because this is when Rome finally decides to finish the job sacking Carthage taking all territory. This is between 149 B.C. and 146 B.C.

Jugurthine Wars

112 BCE

This is important because this is when Marius elect consul to deal with Jugurtha for killing Romans in Africa. Marius defeats his troops so he flees and is trapped and killed by Sulla but Marius received the credit. This is between 112 B.C. and 106 B.C.

Barbarian Tribes

105 BCE

This is when Cimbri and Teutons move south into Roman territory and crush a Roman army. This is important because this leads to the Cimbrian War.

Cimbrian War

105 BCE

Marius was elected again for the 5th time to deal with the Cimbri and Teutons. Marius creates a volunteer army who looked to him and his victories to secure everything because he abolished land qualification for military service. This is between 105 B.C. and 100 B.C.

Sulla

88 BCE

Sulla is elected consul and given command of an army to deal with Mithridates leading a revolt in Roman provinces in Asia but Marius wants to be elected for a 7th time and he is granted this by an assembly called by a tribune. This makes Sulla and his army very angry.

Sulla's First Civil War

88 BCE

Sulla defeats Marius, who fees to Africa, and takes over Rome strengthening the Senate's power before leaving to campaign against Mithridates in Asia. When Sulla leaves Marius comes back and declares himself consul. This is between 88 B.C. and 87 B.C.

Sulla's Second Civil War

83 BCE

Sulla returns and kills thousands of political/personal opponents being declared dictator by Senate to fix Rome's problems. This creates a lasting impact of how one person with an army can gain power and control of Rome. This is between 83 B.C. and 82 B.C.

First Triumvirate

60 BCE

This was a secret alliance between Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar to unofficially run Rome. This is between 60 B.C. and 52 B.C.

Gallic Wars

58 BCE

This is when Caesar conquers Gaul and crosses into Britain expanding Rome's domain into that region along with gaining tremendous wealth, power, and fame. This is between 58 B.C. and 50 B.C.

Death of Crassus

53 BCE

Crassus dies in failed invasion of Asia as Senate votes to give all power to Pompey. This leaves only two to keep each other in check, which won't work.

Caesar Give Up

50 BCE

The Senate asks Caesar to lay down his arms and give up command. This is corrupt and Caesar won't stand for it.

Caesar's Civil War

49 BCE

Caesar leads army into Italy crossing Rubicon R. and he pursues Pompey, who retreats to Greece, and Caesar is declared dictator before facing Pompey's forces in Spain. Caesar defeats Pompey in Greece. This is between 49 B.C. and 45 B.C.

Julius Caesar

46 BCE

Caesar is declared dictator for life, he increased Senate membership weakening it. This is between 46 B.C. and 44 B.C.

Caesar's Assassination

44 BCE

After Caesar centralized the military and political power of Rome, Caesar alienated Rome's elite and is assassinated. This leads to the second Triumvirate.

Pax Romana

27 BCE

Pax Romana means "Roman Peace" and this is the time period where the Roman Empire was at peace with no civil wars or major conflicts. This is between 27 B.C. and 180 A.D.

Augustus Caesar

27 BCE

Augustus Caesar was the crowned "1st citizen" of Rome, who reformed the government structure of Senate and created a standing army of 28 legions to protect the new empire. From 27 B.C. to 14 A.D.

Jesus

6 BCE

Jesus is a Jewish prophet who preached in Israel on forgiveness of sin and coming of God's kingdom. Jewish leadership saw him as religious revolutionary while Romans saw him as political revolutionary, which led to his arrest, trial, and death. From 6/4 B.C.E. to 30 A.D.

Paul

4 BCE

Paul initially persecuted Christian, after conversion experience he began preaching and recruiting people to Christianity. He was the first to recruit Gentiles. Born about 4 B.C. and died around 64 A.D.

Peter

1 BCE

Peter spread Jesus' message throughout Israel and is seen as the first leaders of the Christian Church. Born about 1 B.C. and died around 67 A.D.

Conquering Israel

6

Rome conquers Israel with a large community of Jews who held close observations of their religious laws.

Nero

54

Nero was crowned emperor at age 17. He was a ruthless emperor known for persecution of Christians and burning half of Rome, which he also blamed on the Christians. From 54 A.D. to 68 A.D.

Trajan

98

Trajan was the emperor who made the empire reach it's greatest territorial extent. From 98 A.D. to 177 A.D.

Hadrian

117

Hadrian was the emperor who built Hadrian's Wall across Britain to deal with the barbarians. From 117 A.D. to 138 A.D.

Marcus Aurelius

161

Marcus Aurelius was a great philosopher-emperor who ended the line of "good emperors". From 161 A.D. to 180 A.D.

Diocletian

284

Diocletian was a emperor who realized the empire was too big and decided to split the empire into two, West and East. From 284 A.D. to 305 A.D.

Constantine

306

Constantine was the first Christian emperor. He continued to split the empire, managed the empire from the east, and he issued Edict of Milan which granted religious freedom. From 306 A.D. to 337 A.D.

Edict of Milan

313

The Edict of Milan was a religious tolerance through the empire.

Council of Nicaea

325

Council of Nicaea was a Christian council that established a consensus of Christian beliefs such as the Holy Trinity.

Battle of Adrianople

378

The Battle of Adrianople was a revolt by Visigoths that defeats Eastern Roman army. This shocked the Roman world as the East passively allowed barbarian invasions to continue further west.

Edict of Thessalonica

380

The Edict of Thessalonica was when Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.

The Roman Empire Falls

476

Emperor Romulus Augustus is fired and replaced by the German general as the Roman Empire seizes to exist.

Bibliography

490

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Mharg715V_XrRV5XsG6buZTIrrwI9169yghcKgEiUB8/pub Cassidy Miller
Chase Church
Amber Broyhill