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Thesis
Although there was change as colonies broke away from their European founders, there was greater continuity as the countries had an initial fear of revolution before foghting for independence. Also,many continued to be lead by a monarch even after they gained independence. -
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Brazillian Independence Unsucessful
In 1788 and 1798, Brazillian independence movements were unsucessful. They desired more freedom in trade, but feared an independence movement would lead to a complete social revolution like in Haiti. They also did not want to hurt their trading habits with Europe. This shows CONTINUITY becuase nothing changed in Brazil. -
Portugeuse Royal Family Moves to Brazil
When Napolean invaded Portugal, the royal family fled to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. They also moved their capital there. Brazil's status increased and they openned huge international trading ports. This shows CHANGE because Brazil became industrialized and increased its involvement in internaitonal affairs. -
Mexican Revolution
After being part of a conspiracy with other powerful Creoles, Father Miguel de Hidalgo joined forces with mestizo and American Indians near him. In the beginning, they won many victories, but then the Creoles began to get scared of social revolution and left the cause. This shows CHANGE because it was the first revolution in Mexico. -
United Provinces of Rio de la Plata
Jose de San Martin and his followers were angry about Spanish trade restrictions placed on the trade center of Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires and Rio de la Plata tried to unite against Spain. They eventually gained independence in 1816, but did not really achieve unity. This shows CONTINUITY because they could not really unite and remained independent nations. -
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Gran Colombia
An independence movement led by Simon Bolivar was started in Carcas. He won in Venezula, Colombia and Ecuador, also known as Gran Colombia. Later it broke up because of political issues.This showed CHANGE because they were one of the first groups to attempt to form a republic. -
Mexican Independence
In the 1820's Spanis events weakened their king and government. Creoles again became willing to fight for independence. They united with remainders of the insurgent forces and took over Mexico City in Septmebmer. They set up a monarchy. This shows CONTINUITY becuase they joined together to finish a revolution they statred ten years ago and they were run by a monarchy prior to gaining independence. -
Brazillian Independence
When the Portuguese King retured to Portugal, he left his son Pedro to rule. Although Brazillians could participate in the parliament, they were not satisifed. When Brazillians demanded that Pedro return to Portugal, he declared Brazillian independence. This shows CHANGE because until this point Brazil was afraid of rindependence revolution. It was also much simpler and less bloody than many other independence movements. -
Monroe Doctrine
The United States wanted to help the new southern nations, so they stated in the Monroe doctrine that any European colonizaiton of the Americas would be viewed as unfriendly. The United States probably could not have actually done much to defend these souther nations, but Britain felt the same way and was alos protecting them. This shows CONTINUITY as the southern countries retained independence and the US joined Britain in trying to protect them. -
Spanish South America Gains Independence
Jose de San Martin moved his military forces to Chile and Peru. His forces won victories in these countries and they gained independence. By 25, all Spanish South American countries had gained independence. This shows CONTINUITY because Martin continued to fight for independence in Spanish South America. -
Mexico Becomes a Republic
After gaining independence, Mexico controlled Central America. In 1838 MExico became a republic and Central America split aprart. This shows CHANGE because Mexico had always been a monarchy.