Timeline 3

By ElsaLemus
  • Period: 936 to 973

    Reign of Otto the Great in Germany

    • Linked control of German and northern Italy to title of Emperor of the Romans, which would change into Holy Roman Emperor.
  • Period: 987 to 996

    Hugh Capet as king in France

    • Hugh arranged that his son be elected king during his own lifetime. the French monarchy became hereditary instead of elective.
    This continued until
    • Every subsequent French king has been a descendant of Hugh Capet, including present King of Spain and Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
  • Period: 1033 to 1109

    Saint Amselm

    • Faith is a precondition for understanding.
    • Without faith, there can be no proper knowledge.
    • Developed a philosophical proof for the existence of God.
  • 1066

    Battle of Hastings

    -Norman invasion
    -William I, the Conqueror
  • Period: 1096 to 1099

    First Crusade

    • Conquest of Jerusalem.
    • In response, Muslim leaders called for a jihad.
  • Period: 1147 to 1149

    Second Crusade

    A complete failure
  • Period: 1189 to 1193

    Third Crusade

    • Failed to reconquer Jerusalem.
    • The Kings’ Crusade
    o Richard the Lion-Hearted o Frederick Barbarossa
    o Philip Augustus
    o Saladin
  • Period: 1202 to 1204

    Fourth Crusade

    • Sack of Constantinople.
    • Latin Empire in the East, 1204 – 1261.
    • Deep mistrust between East and West.
  • Period: 1206 to 1280

    Albertus Magnus

    • Explored natural science.
    • Retained Christian emphasis on revelation and supernatural.
    • Valued experiential knowledge and observation.
    • Sought rational explanations for natural phenomena.
  • Period: 1214 to 1294

    Roger Bacon

    • Valued the study of mathematics.
    • Reflection and refraction of light.
    • Observed that light travels much faster than sound.
    • Understood the anatomy of the eye of vertebrates.
  • 1215

    Magna Carta

    • Trial by Jury
    • Prohibition against arbitrary arrests
    • King could not levy taxes without consent of the kingdom.
  • 1215

    Fourth Lateran Council

    • Christians must confess their sins at least once a year.
    • Pronouncement of Marriage Banns.
    • Physical presence of Jesus in the Eucharist – Transubstantiation.
  • Period: 1226 to 1270

    Louis IX

    • Prohibited private warfare among nobles.
    • Established sound, reliable coinage.
    • Beloved by his subjects.
  • Period: 1245 to 1316

    Guiles of Rome

    • On Ecclesiastical Power. •Argued that spiritual matters were higher than secular matters and that therefore the pope was always above any secular authority.
  • Period: 1309 to 1377

    Babylonian Captivity

    • Avignon was the seat of the papacy. • Papacy was deprived of Italian income, became highly dependent on France. • Became a tool of French royal policy. • Growing anti-papal sentiment among the general laity. • Papal luxury and lack of concern regarding local needs increased anti-papal feelings.
  • Period: 1320 to 1384

    John Wycliffe- England

    •Stressed personal relationship between individual and God. •Bible, not the church, is the ultimate source of God’s truth and authority. •Challenged the theory that the path of salvation lay through the church. •Neither church nor sacraments were necessary for salvation. •Denounced wealth of the clergy. •Denied the process of Transubstantiation. •Followers were known as Lollards. •Wycliffe was forced to recant his position. •Many Lollards were burned.
  • Period: 1331 to 1351

    Bubonic Plague

    • Originated in Mongolia, 1331-1332.
    • Black Rats and fleas.
    • Reached Sicily by 1347.
    • The undernourished population fell easily.
    • Lasted until 1351.
    • Crowded cities most affected.
    • About 20 million, 25% mortality.
    • God’s punishment for the sins of wicked humanity.
  • Period: 1337 to 1453

    The Hundred Years' War

    • English kings ruled large sections of France. • English kings were vassals of the French crown.
  • Period: 1412 to 1431

    Joan of Arc