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England was ruled by Tudor monarchs. Although they believed in divine rights, they smartness recognized the value of good relations with Parliament.
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Elizabeth died with no children in 1603. Her successor was her relative James Stuart. The ruling king of Scotland.
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The first Stuart monarch James I, had agreed to rule according to English laws and customs.
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In 1625, Charles I kepted the throne. Like his father, Charles behaved like an absolute monarch.
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By 1628, his need to raise taxes forced Charles to summon parliament.
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Charles did sign the petition, but he then dissolved in the parliament in 1629. For 11 years he ignored the petition and ruled the nation without parliament.
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In 1637, Charles and laud tried to prove the Anglican prayer book on Scotland.
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To get funds to suppress the Scottish rebellion, Charles once again had to summon the parliament in 1640
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The 1640 Parliament became known as the long parliament because it lasted on and off until 1653.
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The civil war that followed lasted from 1642 to 1651.
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Cromwell's army defeated the cavaliers in a series of decisive battles. By 1647, the king was in the hands of the parliament force.
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On a cold January day in 1649, Charles I stood on a scaffold surrounded by his foes.
