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The Shiites believed that the decendants of the prohpet were divinely inspired. The Sunni belived that the inspiration came from the example of Muhammad. Muhammad's son-in-law,Ali, became the fourth caliph, but was assasinated.
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Muslims from Egypt crossed the Strait of Gilbralter into Spain and pushed into North France.
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Muslims were defeated. Eslewhere, Muslims besieged the Byzantine, Constantinople but failed to take the city.
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Damascus was captured and the Umayyad family stoped ruling the Islam world.
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Seljuk controlled Baghdad, but he left the Abbassid caliph as figurehead.
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Christian Crusaders captured Jerusalem.
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Muslim general Salah al-Din (Saladin) ousted Christians from Jerusalem.
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Abrab empire fell. The idependent Muslims caliphates and states and states were scattered across North America and Spain. After five centuries, the Muslim world was just as politically divided as the Christian world.
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Genghiz led Mongols out of Central Asia across Persia and Mesopotamia. The Mongol amries returned.
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Christians Regained Jerusalem after Slah al-Din's death.
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Genghiza's grandson, Hulagu, burned and stole from Baghdad, killing the last Abbassid Caliph.
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Mongol Leader, Timur the Lame (Timurlane), led his armies into the Middle East. His ambitions led him to conquer Muslim and non-Muslim lands.
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The city of Baghdad reached its peak under the reign of caliph Harun al-Rashid from 786-809
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In Spain, Egypt and elsewhere, independent dynasties ruled seperate Muslim states, power of the caliph faded, civil wars erupted and Shiite rulers took over parts of the empire.
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Seljuk Turks migrated to Middle East from Central Asia. They adopted Islam and built a large empire across the Fertile Crecent.
