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Initiation: The Queretaro Conspiracy is put into Action.
Ignacio Allende introduced Hidalgo to a "literary club" that consisted of Juan de Aldama, Miguel Domínguez, Doña Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez, Epigmenio Gonzalez, and Marino Galvan. In reality, there were planning a Conspiracy with December. 8, 1810 set as the date for an uprising against the Spanish. These months consisted of deep planning for Mexico’s uprising for Independence. -
Period: to
Mexican War for Independence
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Initiation: Epigmenio Gonzalez is Under Arrest.
Although all the members of the “literary club” had promised to hold their tongues, Marino Galvan spread the news to his superior about the Criollo’s suspicious Conspiracy that organized an uprising against the Spanish. He informed the audience in Mexico City about it, and they took action. They sent the royalist army to investigate the houses of the suspects, and ordered for the arrest of Epigmenio Gonzalez. -
Initiation: El Grito de Dolores marks the call for Independence.
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, issues his call for Independence from Spain. He rings the bells of the church located in Dolores, Guanajuato and gives a long motivational speech that he would use to convince people to fight for their Independence. He recruits many Indians and Mestizos and uses a banner of the Lady of Guadalupe to symbolize how she would be their patron during the wars. -
Initiation: The Battle of the Siege of Guanajuato , “Alhondiga de Granaditas”
After Hidalgo’s suggest to Juan Antonio de Riaño of surrendering Guanajuato peacefully was denied, he began his approach towards this city. Riaño ordered open fire, and rebels started fighting. The Spanish army was located behind the wooden door of the Alhondiga de Granaditas, but “El Pipila” commanded the army to use torches to set fire to the door. The gate was consumed, and within an hour all the Spaniards were dead. -
Initiation: Monte de Las Cruces Battle
This anticipated battle consisted of Hidalgo and his army of eighty thousand marching on Mexico City. He proved that a big army could overcome a small, more trained and better equipped, professional army (Royalists). He succeeded in forcing the Spaniards to retreat back into the city, and Hidalgo camped on the hills thinking what he would do next. The huge tactical mistake proceeding this was that since Hidalgo had taken heavy losses and was short on ammunition due to this battle, he decided to -
Initiation: Battle of Calderon Bridge - General Calleja Takes Over
The two armies clashed, Calleja's and Hidalgo's, and an uprising incited. These two armies fought until a Spanish artillery shot hit a rebel ammunition wagon and caused a major explosion. This burned the grass around them and caused the rebel army to scatter. Hidalgo’s retreat turned into a rout. -
Initiation: Allende gets Executed / Hidalgo gets Decapitated
After the whole rebel army, including Allende and Hidalgo, were captured in Monclova, they were all sent to Chihuahua. Allende and the other non clerical leaders immediately got executed, and Hidalgo got sent to trial due to his priesthood. Once he was declared guilty of treason and heresy, they turned him over to an arm of execution and on July 31st, his corpse was decapitated and his head got hung on the granary wall in Guanajuato. -
Resistance: Execution of Jose Maria Morelos Y Pavon
While the Congress in Chilpancingo officially declared independence, General Calleja assumed a new military plan where the Spaniards broke the Mexico City circle and captured many important cities. Morelos got captured by an enemy detachment and he got escorted to Mexico City where he was tried for treason. Despite his religious background, he got executed by a firing squad. -
Consummation: Plan de Iguala is Created
Agustín de Iturbide met with Vicente Guerrero in order to negotiate peace. Guerrero was not convinced about the agreements made, but together they created the Plan de Iguala. This plan contained 23 articles and 3 guarantees. -
Consummation: End of the Eleven Years of War
O’Donojú took over and decided to sign a treaty that accepted the Plan de Iguala terms. This Spanish official had finally recognized Mexican Independence, Nonetheless, in the Treaty of Cordoba, Iturbide said that if no suitable European monarch accepted the crown, then Congress would elect an emperor.
