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THE INDEPENDENCE OF UNITED STATES
During the winter of 1775-1776, the members of the Continental Congress of the colonies realized that the options of reconciliation with the British were diminishing and that independence was the only course of action. -
THE INDEPENDENCE OF HAITI
He faced the Spanish, the English and the French, until his capture, exile and death in
France. In 1803, Jean Jacques Dessalines finally defeated the French
troops and, in 1804, declared the independence of Haiti. -
THE INDEPENDENCE OF ARGENTINA
The Argentine War of Independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine patriotic forces under Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli and José de San Martín against royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown. On July 9, 1816, an assembly met in San Miguel de Tucumán, declared full independence with provisions for a national constitution. -
THE MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE
The priest Miguel
Hidalgo was placed in
front of the Indians and
peasants and launched,
as we saw, the "cry of
independence" in the
town of Dolores. -
THE INDEPENDENCE OF PARAGUAY
The history of Paraguay is a result of development and interaction of varying cultures of indigenous peoples in Paraguay and overseas immigrants who together have created the modern-day Paraguay. Paraguay celebrates Independence Day on May 15, from 1811 to now. -
INDEPENDENCE OF SOUTH AMERICA
When Fernando VII returned
to the throne in 1814,
patriotic military campaigns
subsisted in Venezuela and
the Río de la Plata. In the
first, Simón Bolívar -Member
of the Caraqueña boards of
1811- was named new military
leader, and in 1813 he liberated Mérida and Caracas in the so-called
Admirable Campaign, cities that gave him the title of "Liberator", united
forever to his first name. -
THE INDEPENDENCE OF NEW GRANADA
Morillo pronto retomó el control de Venezuela y Nueva Granada. Pero, en 1817,
Bolívar, Piar, Páez y otros líderes venezolanos reactivaron la guerra. Bolívar
enfrentó y derrotó a Morillo en Calabozo, en 1818. Sin embargo, más tarde, Morillo
contraatacó y derrotó a Bolívar en el valle de Aragua. Entonces Bolivar
cruzó los Andes y derrotó a los realistas en la batalla del Pantano de Vargas
(25-07-1819). que selló la independencia de Nueva Granada. -
INDEPENDENCE OF CHILE
On August 25, 1825, three laws were declared: Law of Independence: with respect to the Empire of Brazil, Portugal and any other foreign power. Union Law: from the Eastern Province to the other United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. -
INDEPENDENCE OF ECUADOR
Let us remember how the independence of
Guayaquil was proclaimed (9-10-1820), the
arrival of the patriot army commanded by
Antonio José de Sucre, and its triumph in
Pichincha (24-05-1822), which culminated
the independence of the Great Colombia. -
THE INDEPENDENCE OF GUATEMALA WITH ITS PROVINCES
Guatemala with its provinces (Chiapas, Soconusco, El Salvador,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Los Altos, and Costa Rica) declared its independence
from the Spanish Crown (15-09-1821) and, shortly after, annexed Mexico to
defend itself better from Spain. -
THE INDEPENDENCE OF PANAMA
The independence of Panama was the emancipatory process developed between November 10 and 28, 1821 by which Panama broke the colonial ties that existed between its territory and the Spanish Empire, thus ending 321 years of colonial life. -
INDEPENDENCE OF SAN MARTIN AND BOLIVAR
In their meetings in Guayaquil (26 and 27- 07-1822), Bolivar, liberator, and
president of Gran Colombia, and San Martin, protector of Peru, talked about what
was missing to complete the freedom of America: the defeat of the last realistic
bastion in Peru. -
THE BRASIL INDEPENDENCE
When Napoleon invaded Portugal, Juan VI took refuge in Brazil (1807) and
later promoted a legal reform (1815) by declaring Brazil as the territorial base
of the "Empire of Brazil, Portugal, and the Algarve". Thus, Rio de Janeiro
becomes the seat of an absolute monarchy as well as those of Europe, and no longer a colony. -
THE INDEPENDENCE OF VENEZUELA
One year of skirmishes and Morillo and Bolívar sign the War
Regularization Treaty (11-27-1820), which ends the "War to Death" period. TO
few months later, the royalist army was defeated in the battle of Carabobo, the
final victory of Venezuela's independence (June 25, 1821). -
INDEPENDENCE OF PERU
Together with O'Higgins, and with
200,000 pesos that he obtained from
Buenos Aires, San Martín managed to
buy a naval squadron to attack the
Spaniards in Peru by sea. San Martin
sailed from Valparaíso (20-08-1820)
with a fleet of eight warships and 16
transport ships, and 4,500 men from
the armies of the Andes and Chile. -
THE INDEPENDENCE OF URUGUAY
On August 25, 1825, three laws were declared: Law of Independence: with respect to the Empire of Brazil, Portugal and any other foreign power. Union Law: from the Eastern Province to the other United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. -
PROVINCES OF THE CENTER OF AMERICA
Provinces of the Center of America, being its capital city of Guatemala.
However, local oligarchies promoted separation. This led to a civil war (1838-
1840), in which Guatemala could not prevail. England invaded Nicaragua
but was rejected, although it remained with the enclave of Belize. -
THE INDEPENDENCE OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
The Dominican War of Independence was the historical process that began with the proclamation of the Dominican Republic and its separation from Haiti in February 1844. -
END OF THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
In 1823, Bolívar was authorized
by the Congress of the Gran
Colombia to take command of
an expedition to Peru. In
September of that year, he
arrived in Lima and met with
Sucre and the Peruvian leaders
to plan the attack. Bolivar and Sucre defeated the Spanish army at the Battle
of Junín (6-08-1824). -
INDEPENDENCE OF CUBA
José Martí organizes the
Cuban Revolutionary
Party and looks for the old
leaders of the revolution,
unifies the different
currents, builds a small
army, and disembarks in
Cuba. -
THE CASE OF PUERTO RICO
On September 23, 1868, the scream of Lares, of independence against
Spain, was produced. The rebellion is crushed in a short time. Puerto Rico
continues within the Spanish system until the war between EE. UU and
Spain
