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Rome ruled a vast empire for over 1,000 years. The decline of the empire happened gradually due to many economic, social, and political problems. Due to the lack of stability, Rome was divided into the Western and Eastern empires. After that, the city of Rome finally fell to Germanic Tribes. -
Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century. Muhammad and his followers spread the teachings of Islam throughout the Arabian peninsula. -
The Battle of Poitiers aka the Battle of Tours took place over roughly a week in early October of 732. The opposing sides consisted of a Frankish army led by Charles Martel against an invading Muslim army.
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Charlemagne was crowned “emperor of the Romans” by Pope Leo III in 800, restoring the Roman Empire in the West for the first time since its dissolution in the 5th century. -
The Battle of Langshan Jiang was a naval conflict where gunpowder was used as a flamethrower and proved to be very effective. It would mark the beginning of this technology in warfare. -
Old Sarum Cathedral was a Catholic and Norman cathedral at old Salisbury, now known as Old Sarum, between 1092 and 1220.
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The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organized by popes and Christian Western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095 and 1270, as well as many more unofficial ones.
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One of the first recorded pair of glasses were made in 1284 by Salvino D'Armate in Italy. The lenses were made of glass or a crystal-like stone with a handle to hold them up to your eyes. -
The Black Death was a pandemic that took over Europe, being the worst epidemic or war up to that time. The Black Death is widely believed to have been the result of a plague, caused by infection. The epidemic killed 30 to 50 percent of the entire population of Europe.
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Constantinople was the capital of the Roman/Byzantine Empire, founded in 330 by Emperor Constantine the Great. Although the city suffered many attacks, it managed to stay together. But it couldn´t resist the cannons of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, and Constantinople was conquered.