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The Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years’ War between France, Britain and Spain. It created the basis for the modern country of Canada. Britain obtained the French possessions of Ile Royale (Cape Breton Island), Canada (Quebec), and the Great Lakes Basin and the east bank of the Mississippi River. Britain received Florida from Spain.
“Treaty of Paris 1763.” Treaty of Paris 1763 | The Canadian Encyclopedia, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-of-paris-1763. -
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (13 September 1759), also known as the Battle of Quebec, was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. British General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, which led to the surrender of Quebec to the British who eventually gained complete control of Canada. -
The Seven Years' War (1756–63) was the first global war, fought in Europe, India, and America, and at sea. In North America, Britain and France struggled for supremacy. Early in the war, the French (aided by Canadian militia and Aboriginal allies) defeated several British attacks and captured a number of British forts
“Seven Years' War.” Seven Years' War | The Canadian Encyclopedia, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/seven-years-war. -
Unmarried women sponsored by the king to immigrate to New France between 1663 and 1673. Private interests gave priority to bringing over male workers, and the French government and religious communities wanted to correct the gender imbalance in the colonies.
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Champlain travelled 1,000km inland and over 60 portages by Lake Huron to discover towns and villages of skilled First Nations farmers and hunters. The Hurons had joined several tribes and towns into a nation, The Huron Confederacy.
Lunn, Janet. Lester Publishing Limited, 1992. -
Atironta invited Champlain to Huron country to help fight the Iroquois. Champlain could not refuse because he needed their fur trade to keep New France in business. 500 Hurons and a handful of Frenchmen went to battle losing to the Iroquois. Champlain and Atironta retreated and Champlain spent the winter with the Huron and returned to Quebec in the summer.
Lunn, Janet. Lester Publishing Limited, 1992. -
De Champlain explored part of the valley of the Saguenay river and was led to suspect the existence of Hudson Bay, sailed up the St. Lawrence as far as Montreal. He stayed three years in Acadia exploration, description and map-making. He journeyed almost 1,500 km along the Atlantic coast.
https://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/the-explorers/samuel-de-champlain-1604-1616/ -
Known as the “Father of New France,” Samuel de Champlain played a major role in establishing New France from 1603 to 1635.
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Francis I of France ordered Cartier to assume the role of “captain general” in the new colony in Canada. Jacques Cartier departed from Saint-Malo on May 23, 1541. He led five vessels “well provisioned with victuals for two years”, with 1500 people travelling with him. Being no longer welcome in Stadacona, the colonists settled at the foot of Cap Rouge, named Charlesbourg Royal. The experience was a disaster. In June 1542 Cartier left the St. Lawrence valley with the survivors.
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In 1541–42 he returned, establishing a short-lived colony, which he called "Charlesbourg- Royal," near Stadacona in the area of Quebec. The hope of finding a Northwest Passage was the reason for his voyage. Cartier brought back to France some minerals from this final voyage that he thought were gold and diamonds, only to be iron pyrite and quartz. France then turned its attention elsewhere and ignored the distant land until the end of the century. -
Cartier returned to Quebec and stayed the winter with his men, who suffered illness due to scurvy. Donnacona ( The Chief) healed the men with boiled spruce bark. The Europeans were discouraged and set sail for France. Cartier kidnapped Donnacona who later died in France, never to return to his homeland. https://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/the-explorers/jacques-cartier-1534-1542/
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Cartier returned to Quebec and stayed the winter with his men, who suffered illness due to scurvy. Donnacona ( The Chief) healed the men with boiled spruce bark. The Europeans were discouraged and set sail for France. Cartier kidnapped Donnacona who later died in France, never to return to his homeland. https://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/the-explorers/jacques-cartier-1534-1542/
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Jacques Cartier, led three maritime expeditions to the interior of the Gulf of the St. Lawrence River mapping for the first time the interior of the river, from the Gulf to Montreal.
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jacques-cartier -
Cartier first sailed up the St. Lawrence River in search of riches, met with The First Peoples, and claimed the area that is now Quebec for France. He took two sons of the Chief back to France.
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jacques-cartier -
De Champlain is credited with founding Quebec City in 1608. He explored the Atlantic coastline (in Acadia), the Canadian interior and the Great Lakes region, helped found French colonies in Acadia and at Trois-Rivières, established friendly relations and alliances with many First Nations. For many years, he was the chief person responsible for administrating the colony of New France.
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Hebert was the first man to bring his family to stay and settle in what is now Quebec. He started farming vegetables and herbs to support his family. -
Jean de Brebeauf was a black robed Jesuit Priest that brought the word of God to the Hurons. He learned their language, their culture and ways, but most Hurons preferred their own beliefs. He eventually was killed in the war between the Huron and Iroquois.
Lunn, Janet. The Story Of Canada. Lester Publishing Limited, 1992. -
Voyageurs Radisson and Des Groseillers ( brother-in-laws) from New France embarked on a journey that eventually revolutionized the fur trade and changed the course of Canadian history by switching control of the fur trade from France to Britain eventually establishing the Hudson's Bay company.
