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The Magna Carta directly limited the monarchs power as to need approval of Parliament to carry out necessary actions, such as levying taxes. The Monarch could no longer act unrestricted.
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Parliament would be the largest counter-acting force to English monarchs throughout English history, and would be the direct opposition to English Absolutism.
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Charles I's reign directly lead to the events of the English Civil War, which would be a massive turning point against the monarchy's power. Charles I levied taxes without Parliaments consent, and did not call them to session, which gave Parliament legitimacy when it came to their struggle, as the Charles I was breaking the rules of the Magna Carta
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The Petition of Right saught to outline individual protections against the state in similar ways to the Magna Carta, and how the Bill of Rights would later.
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The English Civil War would be quite literally the ultimate battle between Parliament and the monarchy. With Parliament coming out on top, they were free to, although temporarily, do away with the monarch, and establish firmly their own power and authority in England.
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The execution of Charles I would be the end of the English Civil War, and a temporary end of the monarchy, in replacement for a republic.
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The Bill of Rights established formally the power of Parliament, giving them certain protections against the monarch. It also gave rights to the English people. These rights could not be violated at the whim of the monarch, like they were in the past.
