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Pope Urban 2 had the knights go to the Holy Land and liberate the city of Jerusalem and the Christians of the east from Muslim powers.
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Crusaders crossed into Asia Minor and took the walled city of Nacaea from the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan 1.
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Crusaders broke into the city of Antioch, discovered what they thought to be a piece of the Holy Lance, and eventually took control of the entire city.
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Crusaders reached Jerusalem in June and the walls were breached in July. Muslim and Jewish defenders were slaughtered. This created a number of Crusader States.
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Crusader state of Edessa fell to the ruler Zengi. This was the first major territorial set back and it prompted Pope Eugenius 3 to call for the Second Crusade. This marked the beginning of royal involvement.
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Armies were repeatedly attacked by the Seljuk Turks as they crossed the Asia Minor. a group of Anglo-Norman, Flemish, and Rhineland crusaders entered Damascus but had to retreat after four days.
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Crusader States were steadily losing ground to the Ayyubid sultan Saladin, who inflicted a terrible defeat at Hattin. The conquest led to the fall of nearly all the lands held by the Crusaders, including Jerusalem.
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Pope Innocent 3 launched this Crusade to aim towards landing on the coast of Egypt and head towards Jerusalem.
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Frederick 2 negotiated the peaceful return of Jerusalem to Christian hands.