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These kings descended from Queen Juana la loca, she was mentally unstable, her descendants increased their inheritance and preferred to marry their cousin. He was King Charles II, he was disabled in all ways. He could not walk well and he had to be fed until he was 6 years old by wet nurses.
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The Habsburg house was a family from Austria, the domain was spread over several territories, there Spain enters.
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The Bourbon house was reigning in Spain, but also in France, Naples and Parma. The king was Felipe, he was attacked by Carlos, who for a time later stayed with Spain. When the last Habsburg monarch died, he died without an heir. France to win the war settled in Spain, the Bourbons embarked on a series of reforms to revive the Spanish empire. When the French forces under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte, and invaded the Iberian Peninsula.
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In 1812 a liberal constitution was ratified in Cadiz, to constitutionally limit the power of the monarchy.
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In 1814, Fernando VII supported the liberal constitutions, resigned from it and returned to an absolutist regime.
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In 1814 in Spanish America, the wars of independence broke out, so most of them achieved independence and established republics.