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Rome had 7 kings. The last Roman king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was very authoritarian and Romans started a revolt against him that led the establishment of a new form of goverment, the Republic.
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The Republic was a political system where the power was in hands of the senate, the magistrates and the comitia.
During the Republic Rome had a process of expansion, done in 3 steps: 1- They conquered the Italian Peninsula
2- Then, they conquered Western Mediterranean area
3- Finally, they conquered Eastern Mediterranean area At the end of their expansion, Romans controlled everything around the Mediterranean, which they called Mare Nostrum -
After the murderer of Julius Caesar, there was a period of civil wars that ended when his nephew, Octavius Augustus, established a new form of government, the Empire.
The emperor had the power and became religious authority but the republican institutions were kept -
Rome was divided into 3 periods. The monarchy, the Republic and the Empire