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Rome was governed by kings of Latin and Etruscan origin.Is the first system of goverment in Rome was a monarchy which lasted from the founding of the city until 5th century BC.during this period,Rome took the form of a city-state.
-The senate,made up of the heads of the city´s most powerful
-The comitia or assemblies made up of the rest of the citizens.the latins,Etruscans and Sabines.They voted to be to choose a monarchy -
Was a political system which lasted five centuries.After a kings were expelled,power was help by patricians,the heads of the leading families.
-The magistracies were the main bodies of goverment.Magistrates were elected each year,whith some exceptions.Only patricians could hold magistracies.This situations caused the plebeians,who were excluswed
-The senate was the most importamtinstitution.It was where major decisions were made.It also had religious functions.
-The comotia were made up -
with the establishment of the Republic,Rome began a process of territorial expansion through military conquest and alliances whith other peoples.After taking control of the Iralian Peninsula,the Roman army expaned into the rest of the Mediterranean.
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The punic Wars ended with Carthage´s defeat and the Roman conquest of Sicily,Corsica,North Africa and most of the Iberian Peninsula.
Then Rome expaned into the eastern Mediterranean,defeating the Greeks and Macedonians -
With the subsequent annexation of Syria and Egypt,the Mediterranean became the Roman mare nostrum. Finally,the romans succeeded in occupying other parts of Europe:Gaul,Great Britain and part of Central Europe
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After the Pax Romana,the stability of the Empire was disrupted when Rome faced a series of military,political,economic and social problems.
August was the first Roman emperor.Rome reached its greatest territorial extent. -
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Facing a crisis at alls levels,Emperor Theodosius decided to divide the Empire between his two sons
-Honorius recived the western
-Arcardius recived the eastern falf -
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However,the division did not improve the situation in the western half of the Empire.The Visogoths were able to cross the limes and ransack Rome.
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The Heruli overthrew Romulus Augustulus,the last Roman emperor in west.For many historians ,this events marks the end of Antiquity and the start of the Middle Ages
