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The people of the 3rd estate in France had finally had enough, they decided to revolt, and the French Revolution started!
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The former slave Toussaint led slave revolts against the wealthy plantation owners of Saint-Domingue. His revolts lead to Saint-Domingue finally gaining their independence.
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After years of fighting & waiting, Saint-Domingue is finally declared a republic and renamed Haiti.
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Two years after crowning himself consul, Napoleon gains enough power to build the French empire & he crowns himself emperor.
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The Colombian people revolted against the Spanish and the Spanish finally released their control of Colombia.
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Roman Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo rang the bell of his church and called for a revolution to gain Mexico's independence from Spain.
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As Napoleon invaded Spain, the colonists in Venezuela took this opportunity to their advantage, and claimed their independence from Spain.
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After many years of fighting against Spanish Royalists, Argentina defeated them in Northern Argentina & they gained their independence.
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San Martin defeated Spanish at the battle of Chacabuco & he liberated Chile.
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Both San Martin and Bolivar sparked the Peruvian War of Independence, and together they liberated Peru from Spanish control.
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On this day in history, the Treaty of Córdoba was signed & Mexico became a sovereign nation.
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San Martin liberated many cities in Ecuador from Spanish control to add to his "Gran Colombia" but it soon fell & Venezuela became liberated.
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The Bolivian War of Independence was led by Simon Bolivar and it lasted around 15 years, and they then gained their independence from Spain.
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Young Italy was a secret society that had the goal of creating a unified Italian Republic.
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The customs union that dissolved tariff barriers between the German-speaking states other than Austria, and this created free trade between them.
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Camillo Cavour became the prime minister of Sardinia, and he fought for a unified Italian Republic.
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The Sardinians fought in the Crimean war with the French against Russia. The French won & in exchange for their help the French fought with Sardinia against Austria in a later war & Austria was defeated.
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Garibaldi's red shirts were volunteers who wore redshirts & they followed him during his expedition of the Thousand and together they captured Sicily.
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Victor Emmanuel 2 was the king of Sardinia and once the unified Italian Republic was born, he was crowned king.
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Bismarck was appointed Prime Minister of Prussia and soon got the nickname "The Iron Chancellor" due to his love of war.
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Bismarck approached the German parliament and asked for more money to fund wars for German unification.
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Prussia formed an alliance with Austria and they fought against Denmark to gain control of the two German-speaking, but Danish kingdoms. Denmark was defeated and Austria gained control of Holstein and Prussia gained control of Schleswig.
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The Austro-Prussian War was fought for territory. It lasted a mere 7 weeks and resulted in a Prussian victory, the result was Prussia gained control of Holstein & other north German states
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Bismarck edited a letter called the "Ems Dispatch" to make it look like William 1 was insulting Napoleon 3 & this stirred nationalist feelings. France was furious, they declared war & lost, the result of this was the birth of the German Empire.
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The 2nd Reich was also known as Imperial Germany, or the German Empure. It was the time of a unified Germany that was made possible by Otto Von Bismarck's hard work & dedication.
