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Pedro II restored order and laid the foundations of the modern Brazilian state.
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Simon Bolivar dreamed of a continental union and in 1826 summoned a conference of the American Republics at Panama.
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King Pedro I proclaimed Brazil's independence in 1822 and published a constitution.
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Simon Bolivar's victories over the royalist armies won him the presidency of Gran Colombia in 1819
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In 1810 the small ,wealthy creole aristocracy used the removal of the Spanish king as justification for their seizure of political power and their preservation of that power.
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In 1808,as part of his effort to rule Europe,Napoleon Bonaparte deposed the Spanish King Ferdinand VII and placed his own brother on the spanish throne.
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In 1804,Haiti became the second nation in the western hemisphere to achieve independence.The revolt was also the first successful uprising of a non-European people against a colonial power.
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In 1801,L'Ouverture conquered Santo Domingo and declared himself emperor of the entire island of Hispaniola, abolished slavery and instituted reforms.
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French settlers established sugar plantations there and important african slaves to work them
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French settlers established sugar plantations there and imported African slaves to work them.
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In 1793,as part of their campaign against Napleon,the British invaded Haiti and took all of its coastal cities.
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When the Creoles refused the Mulattos representation in the local assemblies and in the French National Assembly of 1789,the Mulattos revolted.
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100,000 of people lay dead and vast amounts of property were destroyed.
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An army sent from Lima put down the rebellions and captured and savagely executed Tupac Amaru II.
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Vice Roy published new taxes on tobacco and liquor and reorganized the sales tax, riots broke out in Socorro in March 1781 and spread to other towns.
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Under the leadership of jose Gabrel Condorcangui , who claimed descent from the inca rulers and took the name Tupac Amaru 2 , a massive insurrection exploded
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Indian chieftains from cuzco regions, gathered a powerful force of indians. rebellion swept across highland perv and many spanish officials were executed
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More than the peruxian and colombian revots the successful revolution led by toussaint l'ouverture in haiti arovsed elite fears of black revolt and class warfare
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More than the Peruvian and Colombian revolts the successful revolution led by Toussaint L'Ouverture in Haiti aroused elite fear s of black revolt and class warfare