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In 1519 by Hernan Cortes.
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Spanish soldiers killed a group of Aztec nobles in the templo mayor in tenochtitlan during the celebration of Toxcatl.
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Moctezuma II, the tlatoani of Tenochtitlan and ruler of the Aztec Triple Alliance, was killed.
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The Spaniard Hernán Cortés lost several hundred men in a fighting escape from Tenochtitlan.
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Combined Spanish and Tlaxcala forces seriously defeated a vastly superior Aztec force at Otumba de Gómez Farías.
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Tenochtitlan was taken by Spanish forces. The tlatoani Cuauhtémoc was taken prisoner.
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The Treaty of Utrecht was signed, under which Great Britain, Savoy, Portugal, and the United Provinces recognized Philip V of Spain of the House of Bourbon as king of Spain, ending the war. In exchange, Philip renounced the right to pass the throne to his heirs.
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Mexican independence started!
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The Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla encouraged his congregation to revolt against the Spanish crown in a speech made at Dolores.
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Mexican Independence started and ended!
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Insurgent forces under Hidalgo and Ignacio Allende defeated Spanish troops at Ocoyoacac.
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The Spanish colonel Agustín de Iturbide and the insurgent leader Vicente Guerrero together issued the Plan of Iguala at a meeting in Iguala, under which Mexico was to become an independent, Catholic constitutional monarchy.
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The armies under Iturbide and Guerrero were consolidated into Iturbide's control in the Army of the Three Guarantees.
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Iturbide and Spanish viceroy Juan O'Donojú signed the Treaty of Córdoba, recognizing the independence of Mexico in personal union with Spain.
