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Period: 1492 to
Modern History
It is a period in history that started when Columbus discovered America and ended with the French Revolution. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
It was a declaration aproved by the National Assembly in August of 1789. It stated the equality in taxation and laws, the individual freedoms and the rights of all citizens (although only male citizens). -
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French Revolution
The French Revolution was a event in modern European history that began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, Citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system.The upheaval was caused by widespread discontent with the French monarchy and the poor economic policies of King Louis XVI, who die by guillotine, as did his wife Marie Antoinette. -
Period: to
Constitutional Monarchy
The Constitutional Monarchy was directed by the moderate bourgeoisie. During the Constitutional Monarchy feudalism was abolished, the First Franch Constitution was approved, the National Guard was formed, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (their properties were confiscated and sold) and the Declaration of the rights of Man and of the Citizen were approved. It ended with the flight to Varennes of the Royal Family. -
Estates-General Meeting
The Estates General of 1789 was a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the commoners (Third Estate). It was the last of the Estates General of the Kingdom of France. Summoned by King Louis XVI, the Estates General of 1789 ended when the Third Estate became a National Assembly and, against the wishes of the King, invited the other two estates to join. This signaled the outbreak of the French Revolution. -
Tennis Court Oath
On the 20th of June 1789, Louis XVI closed the door of the place of the meeting of the Estates General, without letting in the third state out without letting them participate. The Third Estate went to a pavilion in Versailles (a tennis court: Jeu de Paume) and proclaimed themselves the
National Assembly of France (the truly representatives of the nation). They promised to draft a constitution. -
The Storming of the Bastille
Occurred in Paris, France, on the afternoon of 14 July 1789. The medieval armory, fortress, and political prison known as the Bastille represented royal authority in the centre of Paris. The prison contained only seven inmates at the time of its storming but was seen by the revolutionaries as a symbol of the monarchy's abuse of power; its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution. -
Women's march on Versailles
A group of women from Paris armed with weapons went to Versailles, where the king was, and demanded the abolishment of manorialism because of the bread shortage. Because of this the king moved to the Tuileries Palace. -
War of the First Coalition
They were a set of wars that ended in 1797. Europe fought against France. Eavh state that fought wanted to keep a part of France after its defeat, but the didn't succeed. -
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Girondin Convention
The Girondines were the more moderate bourgeoisie that controlled the Social Republic. They established the National Convention, an assembly elected by universal male suffrage. -
Storm of Tuileries Palace
The sans-culottes stormed the Touleries Palace and imprisoned the royal family. This event signals the end of the Constitutional Monarchy and the beginning of the Social Republic. It was impulsed by the flight of Varennes of the monarchy. -
Period: to
Reign of Terror
It was period of time where numerous public executions and massacres took place, because of the Comittee of Public Safety, directed by Robespierre, and the Law of Suspects. During this time freedoms were suspended and everyone who opposed to the government was either imprisoned or executed with the guillotine. -
Period: to
Conservative Republic
It was led by the moderage bourgeoisie. During this republic,
Jacobin laws were cancelled, sufragge was censitary and the executive power was held by the Directory. A new constitution was approved in 1995. It faced the opposition of the aristocracy and the common people, and it ended with a coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte. -
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The Consulate
This period started with Napoleon's coup d'état. He was named consul, and he started an authoritarian rule. He wanted to bring back the moderate ideas that had impulsed the French Revolution. A new constitution was drafted, the state was organised into departments run by prefects, state schools (lyceés) were created, the Bank of France was founded and new banknotes were made. The exiles were allowed to return.
In 1803 Napoleon began the conquer of Europe. -
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Napoleonic Empire
The Napoleonic Empire was directed by Napoleon and counted with a large army and new military strategies that allowed France to conquer most of Europe. In it's zenith, in 1811, France ruled directly several states and had many satellite states. The states conquered by the Empire were unhappy because of France's indiscriminate violence and the submission to French interests. The Empire's downfall began when in 1812 they failed to conquer Russia and a revolt started in Spain. -
Period: to
The Restoration of absolutism
This process begun with the Congress of Viena when the absolutists monarchies in Europe came together to fight agains liberal ideas. It ended with the revolutions of 1830 and 1848. -
Period: to
Greek War of Independence
Greece was part of the Ottoman Empire, but they were unhappy because they had to pay high taxes, weren't allowed to participate in state administration and the Turks had another culture and religion. In 1822 the Greeks declared their independence and were supported by a lot of European liberals. They defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1827, and it recognised their independence in 1830.
