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The Dawn of the Industrial Age
Although politics in Latin America during industrial age from 1750 to 1914 continued because they followed European models and continued to move towards independence, it changed because new revolts, wars, and movements towards independence were experienced throughout the colonies. -
Slave Rebellion in St. Domingue, Haiti
The first slave rebellion in Latin America took place in Haiti in 1792, and served as an example and motivation for all following independence movements. The rebellion, led by Toussaint L'Overture, began the Haitian Revolution and served as a symbol of freedom for other Latin American colonies. The slave rebellion in Haiti was a major change, because it was the first rebellion and it led other colonies to begin seeking freedom from European powers. -
Haiti Declares Independence
Following the first slave rebellion under the leadership of Touissant L'Overture, Haiti was proclaimed independent in 1804. Haiti's independence became an example for other Latin American colonies seeking freedom. The independence of Haiti was a change in Latin America because it was the first colony to gain freedom. -
Beginning of Spanish Wars of Independence
The Haitian slave rebellion and revolution served as precedents that led to the beginning of the Spanish Wars of Independece in 1808. Several of the Spanish colonies that begin fighting for independence during this time included Mexico, Argentina, and Cuba. By 1825, the end of the Spanish wars, all of Spanish Latin America had gained independence. This event is a change in Latin America because it was the beginning of the fight for independence in Spanish colonies. -
Father Hidalgo Initiates Mexican Rebellion
In 1810, Father Miguel de Hidalgo, a creole priest in Mexico, began to seek out the help of American Indians, mestizos, and others to move towards Mexican independence. Although he lost support from elites and creoles, his effort began the Mexican fight for independence and brought together the people of Mexico. This was a change in Latin American movements towards independence because it was the beginning of Mexico's battle to break away from Spanish control. -
Simon Bolivar's Victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
Simon Bolivar, a leader of the rebellion against Spain, won a series of victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador from 1817 to 1822, and unified the three nations into a single nation known as Gran Colombia. Gran Colombia remained unified until Bolivar's death. The victories of Bolivar were a continuation of rebellion against Spain in Latin America, following precedents of Haiti. -
Mexico Declares Independence
Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after the central government began to weaknen and elite creoles began to support the movement towards liberty. Under creole office Augustin de Itubide, Mexican forces occupied Mexico City, the colony was declared independent, and Iturbide was declared emperor of Mexico. This event was a continuation of the fight for freedom in Latin America, as well as a continuation of the trend of independence in America following Haiti. -
Brazil Declares Indepence and Begins Empire Under Dom Pedro
Brazil gained independence from Portugal in 1822, when the Portugeuse royal family was recalled to Portugal and regent prince Dom Pedro 1 remained as a leader of Brazil. When Pedro refused to return to Portugal, he declared Brazil to be independent and became the constitutional emperor of Brazil. This event was a change in the independence movements because Brazil's independence was very unlike others, which experienced war or rebellion. It was the first to gain liberty through peaceful means. -
Monroe Doctrine
The United States wrote the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 as an effort to protect Latin America from European colonization. The document stated that colonizing in the Americas would be considered an offense to the United States. The Monroe Doctrine was a continuation of independence movements in Latin America because it gave protection and support towards countries seeking independece. -
War Against Spain in Cuba
The Ten-year war between Spain and Cuba began in 1868 and ended in 1878. The Spanish Caribbean colonies were among the last to gain independence in Latin America. The ten-year war failed to grant independence to Cuba, but won the island some liberty. The war between Spain and Cuba was a continuation of the fighting between the colonies and Spain. -
Panama Gains Independence
In 1903, Panama gained independence with support from the United States in return for rights over the Panama Canal. The independence movement of Panama was a continuation of trends of independence from Spain.