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Massive slave revolt in the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue.
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Spanish Crown enters into alliance with France.
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A group of Venezuelan Creoles boldly proclaimed their country an independent republic.
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French Invasion of Spain
The French Army, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, invade Spain beginning the Peninsular War. This effectively weakened Spain's resources and contributed to the revolutions in South America. https://www.britannica.com/place/Colombia/Revolution-and-independence -
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Bolívar returns to Venezuela with a new army, thier new motto, “Guerra a muerte” (“War to the death”).
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Ferdinand VII reconquers Venezuela and most of New Granada.
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Simon Bolívar's most famous writing, "Jamaica Letter".
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Republic of Gran Colombia Proclaimed
The Republic of Gran Colombia, with its capital at Bogotá, was proclaimed on December 17, 1819, with Bolívar as president. On June 24, 1821, Bolívar’s troops, reinforced by llanero cavalry under General José Antonio Páez, defeated the main royalist army at the Battle of Carabobo https://www.britannica.com/place/Venezuela/The-independence-movement -
Battle of Carabobo
Decisive victory for Venezuelan rebels led by Simón Bolivar. https://www.britannica.com/place/Colombia/Revolution-and-independence -
Decisive Colombian Victory
Decisive Colombian Victory at Boyacá. https://www.britannica.com/place/Colombia/Revolution-and-independence -
Simon Bolivar Death
Simon Bolivar dies Dec. 17th 1830 near Santa Maria, Colombia
