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The signing of the US Declaration of Independence.
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Storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789, a turning point of the French Revolution.
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Napoleon imprisoned Charles IV and his son Ferdinand VII and forced them to abdicate in his favor.
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Quito was to be the first in the history of Spanish America to proclaim, on August 10, 1809, a government of its own, not appointed by the Crown. Soon they would proclaim their meetings,
immediately, throughout 1810, Caracas (19/04), Buenos Aires (25/05), Bogota (20/07), and Santiago de Chile (18/08).
In Mexico, the priest Hidalgo would give in the town of Dolores (Guanajuato, 16/08). -
Quito 1st in the history of Spanish America to proclaim the independence.
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The first Junta de Buenos Aires (25-05-1810) organized three military campaigns to subdue the Spanish forces in the interior, but they were not successful.However, a revolution spontaneously broke out in Asuncion (14-05-1811), and the resulting government-held independent. This is how the Republic of Paraguay was created.
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Spanish authorities repressed the first of the cities to form a Sovereign Junta in Quito.
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Simón Bolívar -Member of the Caraqueña boards of 1811- was named new military leader, and in 1813 he liberated Mérida and Caracas.
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San Martín lead the decisive battle of Maipú (5-04-1818), assuring the independence of Chile.
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The independence of Guayaquil was proclaimed (9-10-1820), the
arrival of the patriot army commanded by Antonio José de Sucre, and its triumph in Pichincha (24-05-1822), which culminated
the independence of the Great Colombia. -
The royalist army was defeated in the battle of Carabobo, the
final victory of Venezuela's independence (June 25, 1821). -
San Martin declared independence (28-07-1821) and was appointed Protector of Peru with full civil and military authority.
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2nd country in America to become independent.
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In their meetings in Guayaquil (26 and 27- 07-1822), Bolivar, liberator, and president of Gran Colombia, and San Martin, protector of Peru, talked about what was missing to complete the freedom of America: the defeat of the last realistic bastion in Peru.
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In 1823, Bolívar was authorized by the Congress of the Gran
Colombia to take command of an expedition to Peru. In September of that year, he arrived in Lima and met with Sucre and the Peruvian leaders to plan the attack. Bolivar and Sucre defeated the Spanish army at the Battle of Junín (6-08-1824). -
The priest Miguel Hidalgo was placed in front of the Indians and peasants and launched,as we saw, the "cry of independence" in the town of Dolores. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was proclaimed president of the Republic in 1833.
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Guatemala and its provinces formed an independent state, of federal character, with the name of United Provinces of the Center of America, being its capital city of Guatemala. However, local oligarchies promoted separation. This led to a civil war (1838- 1840), in which Guatemala could not prevail.
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Scream of Yara and First War of Independence called Ten Years War or Big War.
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The scream of Lares, of independence against Spain, was produced. The rebellion is crushed in a short time. Puerto Rico continues within the Spanish system until the war between EE. UU and Spain.
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Portugal recognized Brazil´s independence.
