-
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was much more complex, consisting of several revolutions going on simultaneously. The revolutions were influenced by the French Revolution of 1789, which represented a new concept of human rights, universal citizenship, and participation in government. -
Mexican War of Independence
Hidalgo’s declaration launched a struggle that ended 300 years of colonial rule. It was an armed conflict, and the climax of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain. -
Romanticism
Orientation that characterized many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, and historiography. It can be seen as a rejection. It was also a deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature. It also emphasizes upon imagination as a gateway to extend experience and spiritual truth. -
Latin American Wars of Independence (South)
San Martín decided to join the independence movements in South America. He established an army in Argentina of 5,000 men that crossed the Andes into Chile. In 1818, he liberated Chile from the Spanish royalists. Invading and liberating Chile was the first step in San Martín’s plan to liberate Peru. San Martín decided to invade Chile. He wanted to establish a Chilean army. San Martín waited for the Spanish forces to withdrawal from Lima instead of directly invading and attacking the city itself. -
Brazilian Independence
In 1820, Portugal experienced the Constitutional Revolution, which was initiated by the liberal constitutionals. This revolution led to the Constituent Assembly’s meeting and deciding to create the first constitution of the Kingdom and to demand the return of the King from Brazil. Pedro nothing more than the Governor of Rio de Janeiro, which was just a province.These two groups were united only by the fact that they wanted to keep Brazil united with Portugal as a sovereign monarchy. -
Greek Revolution
The revolt began in the motions of the Friendly Brotherhood, a patriotic conspiracy founded in Odessa in 1814. The revolt began in March 1821 when the leader of the Etairists, crossed the Prut River into Turkish-held Moldavia. Was soon defeated by the Turks. Many attempts were made by the Greeks to gain their freedom. The population decreased and the Greek race was in danger of extinction. Many greeks became musulmans to live descent lives, others left Greece and founded flourishing communities. -
Latin American Wars of Independence
The Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. -
Italian Unification
In 1848, desperate to be united,Italy was limited to a small section of the the middle class. By 1820 these groups had formed secret societies, the largest of which was the Carbonari. The revolutionary movement acquired its nationalist character through the work of the Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini. He believed that Italy should be not only independent, but an integrated republic. The King was forced to grant a constitution for the whole of his kingdom. -
German Unification
The 17th century had Germany's two greatest powers, Prussia and Austria. They began to expand and incorporate more of the German territory under their respective flags. In the early 1900s Napoleon's journey to the German lands ended the Holy Roman Empire. After the defeat, the German states created the loosely-associated German Confederation in 1815, containing all territories of the former Empire with majority German speakers. Power was dominated by Prussia and Austria.
