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Haitian revolution
the french colony called saint domingue was the first Latin american territory to free itself from European rule.while the french revolution was taking place,worried people in the french colony of Haiti rose up against their french masters.by 1801 toussaint had taken control of the entire island and freed all the enslaved Africans. In May toussaint agreed to halt the revolution if the french would end slavery.on January 1,1804 general dessalines declared the colony an independent colony. -
Latin american wars of independence(north,Simon bolivar)
Simon bolivar's native Venezuela declared its independence from Spain in 1811.bolivar's volunteer army of revolutionaries suffered numerous defeats.by 1821 bolivar had won Venezuela's independence. Simon bolivar the hero of Latin american independence was a thinker and a fighter.bolivar combined enlightenment political ideas,and ideas from Greece and Rome,his original thinking.the result was a system of democratic ideas that would help spark revolutions throughout Latin america. -
Mexican war of independence
in 1810,padre Miguel hidalgo a priest in the small village of Dolores took the first step toward independence.he ran the church bells in his village.and when all the peasants gathered in the church he issued a call for rebellion against the Spanish.mexico's creoles feared the loss of their privileges in the Spanish controlled colony.so they joined together to have independent from Spain. augutin de iturbide proclaimed independence in 1821 -
Brazilian Independence
when Brazil wanted independence it was a different from all the others,it occurred without violent upheavals or widespread bloodshed.A member of the Portuguese royal family had a role in freeing Brazil from Portugal.14 years the family ruled from Brazil. when the royal family returned to Portugal the son of king john of Portugal stayed in Brazil.king john wanted to make Brazil into a colony.Creoles demanded Brazil independence.on September
7,1822 dom Pedro declared Brazil's independence. -
Latin american war of independence(south,San martin)
San martin's Argentina had declared its independence in 1816. San martin led an army on a grueling march across the Andres to Chile. in Chile he met up with the forces led by Bernardo O'Higgins a son of a former viceroy of Peru. with his help San martin freed Chile. San martin planned to drive the remaining Spanish forces out of Lima Peru. bolivars army went to defeat the Spanish at the battle of ayacucho . in this last war of independence the Spanish colonies in Latin america won their freedom. -
Romanticism
the enlightenment ideas had started another movement called the Romanticism. this movement reflected deep interest in nature,and thought and feelings of the individual.many romantic thinkers and writers refereed back to the enlightenment ideas. Romanticism was also sparked by nationalism. emotions was the key element of Romanticism. romanticism also went beyond feelings.romantics expressed a wide range of ideas and attitudes. -
greek revolution
the Greeks were the first people to win self-rule. Greece has been apart of the ottoman empire for centuries.the Greeks were spurred on by the nationalist spirit,they demanded independence and rebelled the ottoman Turks.the cause of the Greek revolution was popular with people around the world.the popular support for Greece grew and many powerful nations of Europe took their side in the fight,went against and defeated the ottoman fleet.they all signed a treaty to give independence to Greece. -
Italian unification
Italy was one of the countries to form from the territory of crumbling empires after nationalism destroyed the empires.some Italian middle classes thought that unification under Piedmont Sardinia seemed like a good plan.the king placed count Camillo di Cavour as his prime minister.Cavour used his skillful diplomacy and well-chosen alliances he set to control northern Italy. -
continuation of italian unification
Cavour noticed that Austria was a obstacle and decided in 1858 the french emperor napoleon III agreed to help drive Australia out of northern Italian provinces. Cavour then provoked a war with Austrians. Sardinia army won two quick victories. Sardinia succeeded in taking all of northern Italy except Venetia. in 1866 the Austrian province of venetia which included the city of Venice,became part of Italy. -
german unification
Prussia lead the German unification. Prussia enjoyed several advantages that would help strengthen Germany. Prussia had many of the German population. as the result,nationalism actually unified Prussia. ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary tore the empire apart. Prussia's army was one of the most powerful in central Europe. Berlin rioters forced a constitution convention to write up a liberal constitution for the kingdom,that set the way for the unification.
