INDEPENDENCE

By Roberto Ismael

  • Invasion

    In 1806, Spain readied for an invasion in case of a Prussia victory. But Napoleon’s rout of the Prussian army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstaedt caused Spain to back down.

  • Peninsular War

    The peninsular war started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808, in the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in 1814

  • 1808

    In 1808, Napoleon turned on Spain, forcing the abdication of the Spanish king and replacing him with Napoleon’s brother Joseph.

  • French Troops

    The presence of French troops on Spain soil was extremely unpopular in Spain, resulting in the Mutiny of Aranjuez and the abdication of Charles IV of Spain in March 1808.

  • Leave Spain

    May 2, 1808, Murat ordered the younger son of Charles IV, the infante Francisco de Paula, to leave Spain for France, leading to a widespread rebellion in the streets of Madrid.

  • Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies

    The creation of a “Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies” on September 25, 1808.

  • Seville Junta

    The Junta of Seville, in particular, claimed authority over the overseas empire.

  • Dissolution of the Supreme Junta

    The dissolution of the Supreme Junta on January 29, 1810, because of the reverses suffered after the Battle of Ocaña by the Spanish forces paid with Spanish American money set off another wave of juntas in the Americas.

  • Spanish Constitution

    The Spanish Constitution of 1812 adopted by the Cortes de Cadiz served as the basis for independence in new Spain (Mexico) and Central America, since in both regions it was a coalition of conservative and liberal royalist leaders who led the establishment of new states.

  • José María Morelos y Pavón

    José María Morelos y Pavón replaced Hidalgo as the leader of the revolution. Morelos was a mestizo, Morelos was a brilliant military Because Morelos was a mestizo and brought the lower classes into the revolution, the penninsulares and criollos became afraid of mob violence. Soon the criollos and penninsulares had haunted down Morelos. They placed him in front of the firing squad and executed him.

  • Hidalgo

    Early on September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo, rang the town’s church bells to call the people to ass. As the people assembled, he gave famous speech. This speech started the conflict that eventually freed Mexico from Spain Hidalgo gained further support for the rebellion by choosing the Virgin of Guadalupe as a symbol for the cause.
    Hidalgo was decapitated and his head was placed on a pole.
    Hidalgo’s dead 30th July, 1812

  • Plan Of Iguala

    January 1821, basis of the Plan the Iguala: The Independence of New Spain (now called the Mexican Empire) with Ferdinand VII or another Bourbon as emperor; the retention of the Catholic Church as the official state religion and the protection of its existing privileges; and the equality of all New Spaniards, whether immigrants or native-born.

  • Agustín de Iturbide y Guerrero

    One of the people ordered the hunt down Morelos was Agustín de Iturbide, he had fought against the rebels on the side of the Spanish king, Iturbide got removed from his command because he was a cruel leader.
    Iturbide met Vicente Guerrero, the new leader of the rebellion and Iturbide’s former economy, and planned a coup d’état. Together, Guerrero and Iturbide created the Plan of Iguala.
    The three parts of the plan were known as union, religion, and independence.