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Decline of Spanish power
the Spanish Empire had fallen into a technological, economic and ideological backwardness. In neighboring France, the revolution of 1789 ends with the monarchy and proclaims the Republic. These new ideas scare European monarchies, which form coalitions to invade France and restore the King and the monarchy. -
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Signature of the Guatemala Independence Act
In March 1821, Brigadier Gabino Gainza arrives in Guatemala from Chile and assumes temporarily the command of the country. That same year Mexico proclaimed itself as an independent empire, led by General Agustín de Iturbide, implementing the Plan of Iguala de Independencia Septentrional for which many feared a civil war -
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independence of guatemala
Guatemala gained independence from Spain without suffering the wars that devastated much of Latin America. On September 14, 1821, Brigadier Gainza rushed to a meeting. The next morning, September 15, 1821 -
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Who Signed the Act of Independence of Guatemala
"Process of the Independence". They were: Mario de Beltranena, Mario Calderón, José Marías Delgado, Manuel Antonio de Molina, Mariano de Larrave, Antonio de Rivera, Antonio Larrave J., Isidro del Valle and Castriciones, Mariano de Aycinena, Pedro de Arroyave, Lorenzo de Romaña, Domingo Diéguez, José Cecilio del Valle, Pedro Molina and Brigadier Gabino Gainza. María Dolores Bedoya was the first to shout "independence!" After the declaration was signed. -
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Annexation to the first Mexican Empire
They formed a government that assumed the jurisdiction of the entire kingdom, keeping Captain-General Gabino de Gainza as chief executive, who would govern until June 1822. However, many municipalities throughout the region, from Chiapas to Costa Rica, also assumed the right to act on their own, and many declared their independence not only from Spain, but also from Mexico and Guatemala. -
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Guatemala becomes independent from Mexico
In March 1823 the government of Iturbide in Mexico collapsed and he abdicated. On June 14 the first Congress meets and the annexation to Mexico is annulled, the Declaration of Central America's absolute independence was approved on July 1, 1823 and the United Provinces of Central America were formed, a federation that included Guatemala, El Salvador , Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica -
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The federation invades Guatemala
Discord plagued the federation. The member states resented the Guatemalan commercial and bureaucratic elite, which had exercised power during the colonial era.The first federal president, the Salvadoran Manuel José Arce, resigned in 1827 after only 2 years at the helm, when a civil war broke out between the opposing factions -
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Dissolution of the United Provinces of Central America
These actions alienated large sectors of the Guatemalan clergy, lawyers and rural peasants, who resented the loss of their lands and attacks on their priests
Carrera had deeply held conservative views, supported the church and advocated for the right of states to federal authority. He overthrew Gálvez in 1838. Then, as the federation began to disintegrate, he defeated Morazán in March 1840, effectively ending the United Provinces of Central America.. -
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Emergence of the Republic of Guatemala
Under Carrera's highly conservative leadership, Guatemala formally declared itself a sovereign republic in 1847.
Carrera's military power also influenced several events in nearby states. Carrera intervened several times in the internal politics of El Salvador and Honduras, and in 1857 Guatemalan troops played an important role in the expulsion of American adventurer William Walker, who had seized power in Nicaragua