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The Renaissance was a period in European history, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history.
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the disease ravages though Europe for the first time. By changing the economic situation, the devastating disease helps lay the preconditions for Renaissance: spare money to invest in display. the black death was estimated to take 25 million people's lives.
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Built by Brunelleschi. This was the first hospital and the first truly Reinassance building. This shows mathematical proportion, round arches and slender columns
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Gutenberg is credited with the invention of the printing press in Europe, and ushers in the age of printed books, making literature more accessible to all Europeans. This is a big thing because now books are cheaper and that's why it can spread quickly
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the book Often considered the most influential political book of the time. The Prince outlines the argument that it is better for a ruler to be feared than loved. This book influenced many rulers.
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This religious schism divides Europe spiritually permanently, and is heavily influenced by Humanist thinking, a mark of the Renaissance.
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describes a period of European history in which monarchs successfully gathered the wealth and power of the state to themselves. Louis XIV is the poster image of the absolute monarch.
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Weakend Hapsburg state of Spain and Germany
Strengthened France by awarding it German territory
Made German princes independent of the Holy Roman Emperor
Ended religious wars in Europe
Introduced a new method of peace negoation where participants come together to peacefully discuss solution (which is used to this day).
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Was a general in civil war before becoming leader of England and abolishing monarchy. He held Charles I prisoner after English Civil War and tried him for treason. Reigned as a military dictator until his death 1658. His accomplishments include reforming society, promoting religious tolerance, helping to draft the first European constitution and seizing Ireland.
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The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest academies of sciences.
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Peter the Great was made Czar of Russia. His main goal was to implant reforms known as Westernization. He wanted Russia to be as advanced as the cities of Western Europe. Peter wanted to promote education, also. He succeeded quite a bit. He Started St. Petersburg, which was named after him.
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The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy
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In his monumental 1687 work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, known familiarly as the Principia, Isaac Newton laid out in mathematical terms the principles of time, force, and motion that have guided the development of modern physical science.
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Fought over who would become the King of Spain. Louis XIV's grandson, Phillip V, was the heir to the Spanish throne. Other European nations felt that this would too drastically shift the balance of power in France's favor. Decision was to allow Phillip V to be Spain's king, but he could not enter into any alliances with France
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Legislative Assembly votes to abolish the monarchy and establish the First Republic. The measure came one year after King Louis XVI reluctantly approved a new constitution that stripped him of much of his power. Louis ascended to the French throne in 1714 and from the start was unsuited to deal with the severe financial problems that he inherited from his predecessors.
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thomas newcomen invents steam engine . it is not very useful yet,but the idea of using steams to make machines go will be important to the indudtrial revolution
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Maria takes power in 1740 after her father's death. Was involved in war due to Austria's succession with Prussia. Lost Silesua in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. Maria allied herself with France and fought in the Seven Year's War against Britain and Prussia.
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he Seven Years War, a global conflict known in America as the French and Indian War, officially begins when England declares war on France. However, fighting and skirmishes between England and France had been going on in North America for years.
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Voltaire publishes is most famous work, "Candide." It has a sarcastic plot centered on a man who begins life optimistic, but suffers many misfortunes which shows his optimism was unwarranted. It was widely banned due to the fact it insulted religious and political institutions.
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james hargreaves, a british carpenter and weaver, invents the spinning jenny.the machine spins more than one ball of yarn or thrad at a time, making it easier and faster to make cloth
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This was the first of the taxes that Brittan forced onto the colonies. This tax increased the price of sugar. The colonists rebelled, and the tax was repealed.
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The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America
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Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great, and Emperor Joseph II divided Polandinto three parts. This is known as "Partitions of Poland". The effect it had on people were none, it was neither positive or negative for the crowd. Royals were very ahppy with this partition.
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Here, the colonists decided to provoke some Brittish sentries into firing their guns. This was blown out of proportion, and was used to cast the Brittish in a bad light.
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During this battle, the Americans were able to sucessfully stop the Brittish plans of dividing and conquering. This battle caused the French to join the American cause.
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This was the final major battle of the American Revolution. French and American troops surrounded the Brittish forces, and laid siege to them. The Brittish was forced to surrender.
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This treaty ended the American Revolution. Brittan now had to accept that the Colonies were now an independant country, the United States of America.
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it was passed by France's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is an important document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights
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members become some of most radical leaders in french revolutions
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" became there catch phrase. -
The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire.
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it was attacked by an angry and aggressive mob. The prison had become a symbol of the monarchy's dictatorial rule, and the event became one of the defining moments in the Revolution that followed.
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Eli Whitney creates a machine that makes it much easier to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber. It greatly reduces the time it takes to clean cotton and helps the southern states make more money from cotton crops.
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French constitution established during the Thermidorian Reaction in the French Revolution. was prepared by the Thermidorian Convention.The Constitution of 1795 established a liberal republic with a franchise based on the payment of taxes. a bicameral legislature and a five-man Directory. The central government retained great power, including emergency powers to curb freedom of the press and freedom of association.
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Napoleon took over the French “Army of Italy,” drove the Austrians and Sardinians out of Piedmont, defeated the Papal States, and occupied Venice. This was his first major victory.
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established Napoleon as First Consul of France, part of a triumvirate that included Cambacérès and Lebrun. Although the plan was for the three to have equal power, Napoleon quickly became the most powerful.
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The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, the first being the National Assembly,
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They met on a raft in the middle of the Niemen River to sign the treaty, which had both a public and a private part. In the public part, Russia ceded 50% of Prussian territory to France; in the private part, Alexander agreed that if the British continued the war against France, Russia would join the Continental System of blockades whose goal it was to isolate Britain economically. The result of the treaty was a major realignment of alliances.
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lengthy conference between ambassadors from the major powers in Europe. Its purpose was to redraw the political map of Europe following the defeat of Napoleon. The Congress continued in spite of Napoleon’s escape from Elba.
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and ceremony in Paris reaffirmed Napoleon as Emperor and forced everyone to swear allegiance to him and to the Acte Additional. The Acte was a set of small reforms that disappointed his supporters, to whom he had promised a less dictatorial government.
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The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Samuel Morse invents the telegraph, which allows messages to be sent quickly over a wire. By 1860, telegraph wires stretch from the east coast of the United States west of the Mississippi River.
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Elevators were already invented by 1853, but people worried about elevator cars falling. Elisha Otis invents a safety break to prevent them from falling if a cable breaks, making people feel more confident about using elevators in tall buildings.
