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The Spanish Armada was an enormous 130-ship naval fleet dispatched by Spain. Spain's so-called “Invincible Armada” is defeated by an English naval force under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake. -
In April 1598 Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes which granted a large measure of religious liberty to his Protestant subjects, the Huguenots. The Edict of Nantes freed them from persecution in France. -
The English Civil Wars comprised three wars, which were fought between Charles I and Parliament between 1642 and 1651. Up to 200,000 people lost their lives, or 4.5% of the population. -
The Peace of Westphalia was the treaty that ended the Thirty Year War. The creation of the treaty was very challenging. it took many years for it to be created. -
Cromwell helped to bring about the overthrow of the Stuart monarchy as lord protector. He turned out being a terrible leader and killed many English citizens. -
Charles was known as the Merry Monarch, because he was very joyful compared to his predecessor Oliver Cromwell. This time period was known as the restoration. -
Louis XIV built the palace of Versailles as a symbol of the wealth of France. It was also used as a symbol of power. -
Peter the Great takes control of Russia. He focused on expanding to be more "western". He is credited for Russia's modernization. -
The bill outlined specific constitutional and civil rights and ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarchy. This was signed by Mary II and William III. -
Peter the great created St Petersburg to become the new capitol of Russia. It was also made as a gateway into the west. -
Met with the group to discuss new taxation amongst the financial crisis. He met with people who had the power to decide on the levying of new taxes and to undertake reforms in the country. -
The Third Estate created its own group called the National Assembly. It ran the country without the help of the king -
The Tennis Court Oath was made to ensure the National Assembly would finish writing their new constitution on June 20th, 1789. It is named The Tennis Court Oath because it took place on a tennis court -
Occurred when revolutionaries stormed the Bastille, a prison looking for weapons and ammo. Ended up being a defining moment for the French revolution -
A group of women, known as the fish lady's, march to Versailles to confront the queen about power reforms. -
The Execution of Louis XVI took place publicly by guillotine. He was voted to be condemned to death for treason -
The Reign of Terror begins when Robespierre declares Terror. This is what kills 40000 people in the French revolution -
After a hard rule, many revolutionary leader had had enough of his rule and stormed his building. He was wounded in the jaw and was then taken to the guillotine -
Napoleon sent 600,000 troops into Russia. Six months later, only an estimated 100,000 made it out. -
He was exiled to the island of Saint Helena off the coast of Africa. This was after he fled to France to build a new army