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WWI Conscription Crisis
French Canadians weren't supportive of sending more troops to the European front due to believing they had already contributed enough. -
Union Nationale Party is Created
Founded by Duplessis, meaning the beliefs of the party matched with his. -
Period: to
The Great Darkness/Duplessis Era
Maurice Duplessis is elected premier of Quebec and holds power for this time. He was a strong supporter of provincial rights, and was strongly against English influence and unions. He also strongly supported the Catholic Church, making most graduates fall under the line of theologists and teachers. The economy becomes stagnant as a result. -
WWII Conscription Crisis
Bill for conscription is brought up because of how well Hitler was doing in Europe. By the time troops were finally trained, the war was already mostly done. -
Quiet Revolution
A period of major reform, main changes were; secularization, strengthening of welfare, improvement of public education, unionization, increased economic control, and nationalization of hydroelectric production and distribution -
FLQ is Founded
Most about the FLQ is under the October Crisis -
Separatist Movement
Starting in the 1960s, Quebec started to adopt ideas of becoming independent from the rest of Canada. -
Period: to
Jean Lesage - 'Maitres chez nous'
Lesage was part of the Liberal party and was Premier of Quebec during this time. He campaigned under the slogan 'Maitres chez nous' which reflected his beliefs; that Quebec should have more control over its own affairs. He basically wanted better equality between Quebec and the rest of Canada. -
Bi and Bi Commission
Made by Lester Pearson as PM, in attempts to figure out the state of bilingualism and biculturalism in order to come up with a more equal relationship between Quebec and the rest of Canada. The main ideas were; for bilingual districts to be created, students to have courses in their chosen language with enough demand, Ottawa to be bilingual, and for both French and English to be official languages. Trudeau took to implementing these ideas. -
New Canadian Flag
With Pearson's government, the decision was made to replace the old flag with one without a British symbol on it. Helped to unite the country and show the neutrality to global affairs. -
"Colour Blind" Immigration Policy
Canada started to allow immigration from more races/backgrounds. The introduction of mroe racial groups lessened the overall pressure from the Quebecois -
Trudeau is elected for the first time
He was the main PM to try and create equality between most/all cultural groups. -
Official Languages Act
Trudeau passed the OLA, giving all Canadians the legal right to deal with federal governmental affairs in either French of English. This also made it so that all stores' goods had to be labelled in both languages. -
War Measures Act
The WMA gives the government the power to revoke certain civil rights. When invoked for the FLQ Crisis, thousands of searches were conducted and over 400 arrests were made. Membership in the FLQ and political rallies were made illegal along with this. -
FLQ/October Crisis
The FLQ were a group of French-Canadians looking to separate Quebec from the rest of Canada, using extremist practices in attempts to spread their beliefs. The October Crisis was a specific event which led to the direct crackdown on the FLQ, where they kidnapped the British Trade Commissioner and Quebec's Vice-Premier for ransom. The VP was killed, bringing Trudeau to follow their demands, in return for the Trade Commissioner. This also led to the invokation of the War Measures Act. -
Trudeau Entacts the Policy of Multi-Culturalism
Encouraged people to express their cultures, helping to de-emphasize French as the only other cultural group. -
Policy of Multiculturalism
Intended to help preserve the cultural freedom and provide recognition to people of more ethnic groups. Implemented as part of following the Bi and Bi Commission. -
Bill 22
Introduced by Robert Barassa. Made French the official language of Quebec -
Parti Quebecois win the provincial election
They were basically the pacifist, non-anarchist version of the FLQ, meaning they wanted Quebec to be separate. -
Sponsorship Program
Immigration policy where potential immigrants can be sponsored by a current citizen who provides most care for the immigrant, while the government covers the physical immigration of the person. -
Parti Quebecois are elected in Quebec
They were elected and overhauled the attempts at separationism -
Bill 101 - The Charter of the French Language
Replaced Bill 22 and made French mandatory to be used in Quebec government, courts and business. It also made it so commercial signs were only in French. The strictness of the bill over English caused a major backlash from English businesses, resulting in many of them leaving Quebec. -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
Basically a vote over whether or not Quebec should separate. Rene Leusque wanted people to vote yes, Trudeau wanted no. Trudeau promised a new constitutional arrangement for the Quebec people if they voted no. -
Patriation of the Constitution
Trudeau tried and succeeded in finally patriating the Canadian Constitution. Premiers from every province met to revise it ith Trudeau. Key revisions were allowing Canada to make decisions without consulting British parliament and including the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. For whatever reason, the Quebec premier was not consulted for the revisions despite appearing at the initial meetings, making Quebecois angry and refused to sign the new constitution. -
Brian Mulroney is Elected
He did stuff -
Reform Party Created
PM Mulrony wanted Quebec's signature on the constitution. Born out of the feelings of western alienation, senate reform, the French-English rift, and aboriginal self governing. -
Bloc Quebecois is created
Lucien Bouchard resigned from Mulroney's cabinet and formed the Bloc Quebecois. -
Period: to
Meech Lake Accord
Mulroney calls a conference here proposing constitutional amendments. Main concerns were recognizing Quebec as a distinct society, to get Quebec to sign the constitution and be included in it, and to give more power to the individual provinces. Known as the Quebec Round in the media, the failure made French Canadians feel like English Canadians were rejecting them. -
Department of Multi-Culturalism is formed
Belief in Canadian 'Mosaic' and US 'Melting Pot,' they discouraged assimilation, but encouraged expression of culture. -
Charlottetown Accord
More attempts at constitutional changes. Proposed changes were reforming the senate, Aboriginal self governing, universal healthcare, workers rights, and better environmental protection. Called the Canada Round because it applied to every province, 54.5% of Canadians rejected it because they belived there were too many clauses. Quebec felt ignored again. -
Parti Quebecois returns to power in Quebec
something -
2nd Refferendum on Sovereignty Association
Angered by constitution debates, Quebec re-elects the Parti-Quebecois leader Jacques Parizeau, who calls a referendum on full sovereignty which was a near 50-50 split of votes. -
Clarity Bill and Surpreme Court decision
PM Chretien sends the issue of Quebec separation to the Supreme Court, who rule that Quebec doesn't have the right to separate and would instead have to negotiate with all the other provinces.