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Because of pressure from the west, the Romans shifted east and rebuilt the city of Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople. Later on the eastern region of the Roman Empire would be know as the Byzantine Empire.
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The riots at the Hippodrome were caused by two men escaping after they were scheduled to be hung. The rioters wanted Justinian to show them mercy and pardon them but Justinian refused, the riots ended in a massacre of thousands of protestors.
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To restore Roman glory after the riots, Justinian built the Hagia Sophia. A church with a giant arching dome at the top that improved upon earlier Roman buildings.
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General Belisarius helped out in the Nika riots proving himself and becoming Justinian's right hand man when it came to military. In 533 A.D. he was sent to Africa to reclaim the provinces from the Vandal Kingdom and succeeded in about a year.
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In 634 A.D. Islamic forces started to fight their way into the Byzantine Empire. They conquered Syria, the Holy Land, Egypt, and North Africa.
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Emperor Basil helped the Byzantines take over Bulgaria city by city. When he took over the capital, Ochrida, he not only killed a lot of men, he also blinded all who he didn't kill.
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In 1054 the eastern and western christianity completely split causing there to become two different churches. The church in the east became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. While the church in the west became known as the Roman Catholic Church.
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in 1095 A.D. Emperor Alexius I asked Pope Urban II for Christian Knights to help defend the Byzantine's territory. Pope Urban II agreed to give Alexius the troops despite years of bitter rivalry.
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After helping merchants from the northern Italian city of Venice defeat their Byzantine trade rivals, crusaders captured and looted Constantinople. Which kicked of the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
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After being severely weakened by the Fourth Crusade that left the city a wreck. Mehmet II and the Ottoman Turks took over the city.
