Global Interaction from 1500 to 1800 By Tayiba Chowdhury (Safavid and Mughal Empire), Sydney Huang (Ottoman Empire), Kayla Jarm (Russia), Reggie Resuello (Tokugawa Japan and Choson Korea), Vanessa Tsang (Ming to Qing China)
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Period: 1300 to
The Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was one the most historically significant empires politically and economically under Suleiman the Magnificent who expanded the empire with control of strategic territory and military power. The Ottoman Empire expanded into southern and eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa and eventually weakened with changes in military structure and with the imperial economy reorienting towards Europe. -
Period: 1453 to 1502
Ottoman fights with Venice
The Ottomans fought an opening to a two-century war with Venice, the most powerful of Italy's commercial states. This led to a political and economic impact as the initial fighting left Venice in control of its lucrative islands like Crete and Cyprus but also with a reduced military power, causing them to have to pay tribute to the Ottomans. -
1500
Naval Support
Merchants from Southern India and Sumatra had a political impact as they sent emissaries to Istanbul to request naval support against the Portuguese. The Ottomans responded rapidly to Portuguese threats close to Aden. This led to an economic impact as the Ottomans had a coherent policy for defending Muslim lands bordering the Indian Ocean, but they pulled back from the major maritime commitments outside the Mediterranean Sea, which took priority in the early sixteenth century. -
Period: 1500 to
Joseon Korea: Golden Age of Korean painting
It coincides with the collapse of the Chinese Ming Dynasty, and the rise of the Manchu emperors in China, and Korean artists were forced to build new artistic models based on an inner search for particular Korean subjects. It also shows influence from the West. -
Period: 1500 to
Expansion of Russia
At first Russias expansion in Europe was blocked off by Poland and Sweden, while in the southwest it was blocked by the Ottoman Empire. So instead, in the sixteenth century, Russia began to spread east, towards Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. In 1796, by the end of the rule of Catherine the Great, Russia encompassed all of northern and northeastern Eurasia. (political) -
1502
Shi'ite Islam Became the Official Religion Of the Safavid Empire
After Ismail declared himself to be the Shah of Iran, he declared the Safavid Empire as a Shi'ite state. He favored the Hidden Imam, Ali, unlike the neighboring Islamic Countries, who were Suni. -
Period: 1502 to
Women of Safavid Empire
Social: After Iran became the Safavid Empire and Shi'ite Islam state, women experienced more isolation. Most of the women did not appear in public and stayed in the women's quarters, Anderun. Although they did not appear in public, most of the women contributed to the economy of the Safavid Empire because they spent most of their time knotting carpets, which was an important material for the empire. -
Period: 1502 to
Popularizing the Persian Language in the Safavid Empire
Art: After the Safavid Empire began drifting away from the neighboring Suni countries, Persian became popular and emerged as the second language of Islam. Many Arabic writings began to be translated into Persian. -
Period: 1502 to
Homosexuality in the Safavid Empire
Social: Despite Islam's disapproval of homosexuality, poetry and art depicted the charm of bearless men as pretty women. Also, homosexuality was neither unusual nor hidden. -
Period: 1502 to
Architecture of the Safavid Empire
Art: The Safavid Empire had cities that were walkable, and wheeled vehicles were scarce. Streets were narrow and irregular. Also, houses were crowded against each other. Although, architecture began changing due to European influence. -
Period: 1502 to 1524
Shah Ismail establishes Safavid rule in Iran
Political-
While Turkish chieftains were struggling to gain control of the land that was east of the Ottoman rule, Ismail was the ultimate winner. In 1502, he established the Safavid Empire, and he ruled the empire until 1524. -
1513
Portuguese Ship Reached China
This event makes an economic impact since the Portuguese have always been trying to reach markets in Asia by sea and trade in China was important to European merchants, so they would try to continue to come to China from western Europe. (Ming to Qing China) -
Period: 1514 to
Safavid Empire Began to Use Gunpowder
Political: The Safavid empire begin to use gunpowder under Shah Ismail. The Europeans' use of firearms and gunpowders influenced them to adopt these weapons. However, most of the soldiers and nomads who supported the empire refused to change their weapons just like the Ottoman Empire. -
Period: 1516 to 1517
Selim I conquers Egypt and Syria
This event is political with Selim I conquering Egypt and Syria and this was a turning point because this event made the Red Sea the Ottomans' southern frontier, which contributed to their rise in the 16th century. -
1517
Portuguese Embassy to China
This event made an impact in economy since the Portuguese really wanted to trade with China but was unable to because of Chinese rules, so later on the Portuguese were forced to leave. (Ming to Qing China) -
1520
Janissaries
Janissaries were major politically and socially because they were slaves of origin that balanced the military and made up the social elite class of the Ottoman army. Janissaries were of significance as they made the Ottoman Empire the most powerful and best-organized state in Europe or the Islamic World by the 1520s. -
Period: 1520 to 1566
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
This is political with the Ottoman Empire under the rule of Suleiman, son of Selim I, and this was a turning point because under his reign, this was the peak in which the Ottoman Empire rose. -
1523
Joseon Korea: Rise in the Creation of Landscape Art in Korea
Korean artists helped improve arts in Korea. They began to produce landscapes with more distinct Korean characteristics. -
1526
Babur defeats last Sultan of Delhi
Political: Babur is a Muslim descent of Timur and Ghengis Khan. He invaded from central Asia and defeated the last Sultan of Delhi, and declared India as the Mughal Empire. -
1529
Ottoman siege of Vienna
This is political with the Ottomans who laid siege to Vienna and this was a turning point in that it reflected Ottoman greatness as their imperial system worked to perfection helping them to rise in power. -
1543
Japan: First Portuguese contacts with Japan
The first Portuguese contact with Japan caused a major impact on Japan's intellect. It allowed Japanese to be informed about cultures, technologies, and political system of various parts of the world. -
1547
Ivan the terrible possesses the title of tsar
Ivan IV (also known as Ivan the terrible) adopted the title of a tsar which is a Russian title for monarchs. This title was first used to refer to the previous Russian ruler Ivan III from 1462-1505. (Political) -
1549
Japan: St. Francis Xavier arrives in Japan
St. Francis Xavier arrives in Japan with Christianity resulting in a religious impact. This led to the creation of the Jesuit Order. Xavier had a long-lasting religious and political effects on Japan. -
Period: 1556 to
Akbar Rules in Agra
Political: Akbar is the grandson of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire. Under his and his descendant's rule, the Mughal Empire conquered all but the southern tip of India. -
Period: 1556 to
Religious Tolerance in the Mughal Empire
Religion: Akbar allowed non-muslims along with Muslims to engage in politics and government. During legal disputes, he allowed decisions to be made based on Hindu law or Sharia law. He also became the center of a "Divine Faith" that incorporates Muslim, Hindu, Zoroastrian, Sikh, and Christian beliefs. -
Period: 1556 to
Peak of Mughal Empire
Economic: Under Akbar's rule, the Mughal Empire became the most prosperous empire of the sixteenth century. The Mughal Empire mainly depended on the cotton industry for financial support, which was blooming due to the high demand for cotton. -
Period: 1556 to
Social harmony in Mughal Empire
Social: When Akbar was ruling the Mughal Empire, he thrived for social harmony between Hindus and Muslims. He married a Rajput princess and encouraged others to intermarriage between Hindus and Muslims. He also respected different cultures and allowed others to follow their own tradition. -
1557
Portuguese Gained Permission to Trade
This event made an impact on economy since the Portuguese were able to trade on Macao which is on the southern coast, after trying to obtain trade for years. But with power at the base, the Portuguese would later have power over the peninsula. (Ming to Qing China) -
Jun 1, 1560
Japan: Battle of Okehazama
Politcal: The Battle of Okehazama was the first conflict in Japan that happened to unite Japan under one central government. Oda Nobunaga was able to consolidate samurai of the opposing force. -
1565
Trade in Manila with Spain and China
This event made an impact in the economy since the Spanish were always trying to compete with the Portuguese for territory and trading rights, so Spain was able to take place the Philippines and silver-laden galleons were coming from South America, so Manila was a place were the Spanish could trade with China. (Ming to Qing China) -
1569
Ottoman Attack
The Ottoman Attack was a political impact that started out with ten times the amount of settlers than people of Moscow that lived in Astrakhan. Ivan IV, "The Terrible," added the people of Astrakhan to his domains in 1556 and defended against the Ottoman attack in 1569. -
Period: 1570 to
Warfare in Russia
In late 16th century and early 15th century, warfare had disrupted peasant life forcing them to move to the Cossacks or into Siberia. Many of those who couldnt flee to safety opted into selling themselves into slavery to avoid starving. This marked the beginning in limiting serf rights. -
1571
Ottoman naval defeat at Lepanto
The Ottoman navy was composed of Greek, Turkish, Algerian, and Tunisian sailors and their use of galleys was sucessful in Ottoman arms in wars with the Safavids. This was a political turning point in that Christian forces combined were able to achieve a massive naval victory at the Battle of Lepanto, off Greece, but their resources were so extensive causing galleys to sink and have to be replaced. -
1573
Japan: End of the Muromachi Period
Politcal: The Muromachi Period was when the Ashikaga family was in power. Oda Nobunaga united Japan by seizing Kyoto and ended Ashikaga shogunate. -
1580
Joseon Korea: Korean production of Porcelain ware
Arts: Porcelain ware was created for the elites. Ceramic production in Korea halted in the 1590s due to the Imjin War/Hideyoshi's invasions. -
1582
Japan: Hideyoshi unifies Japan
Hideyoshi made a political impact by unifying Japan. After unifying Japan, he planned to invade Korea in order to conquer China. He started the Imjin War/Hideyoshi's invasions. -
1582
Japan: Honno-Ji Incident
Akechi mitsuhide, one of Oda Nobunaga's gererals, betrayed Nobunaga and forced him to commit honorable suicide. -
1582
Russians conquer Khanate of Sibir
A wealthy Russian tradin family, the Strogonovs, led the early Russian exploration of Siberia. The bands of foragers and reindeer herders living there were unable to resist the armed people the Strogonovs hired for this adventure. So using their rifles, the troops brought destroyed the Khanate of Sibir, as it was the only political power in the region. (Political) -
Period: to
Peak of Safavid Empire
Art: Under the Shah Abbas, the Safavid Empire experienced a cultural and artistic awakening. Shah Abbas moved the capital to Isfahan, which became the commercial and cultural center. There, poetry and art developed along with architecture. Miniature paintings of dancers, musicians, and even acrobats in costumes that range from decorous to erotic. -
Period: to
Shah Abbas Improves the Economy of The Safavid Empire
Shah Abbas brought economic benefits to the Safavid Empire as he improved the relationship with the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Safavid Empire traded mostly with the Mughal Empire. Also, the trade was mostly in the hands of Jews, Hindus and Jains from India, and especially a colony of Armenian Christians brought in by Shah Abbas. -
Period: to
Manufacturing of the Safavid Empire
Economy: During Shah Abbas's rule, the Safavid Empire became dependent on silk trading with other countries. Along with silk, colorful and distinctive carpets became popular. Also, most of these carpets were knotted by women and girls. Although the economy improved, the empire's manufacturing sector was neither too large or too small because most of the subjects lived by subsistence farming or herding. -
Start of Anatolian Revolts
Anatolian revolts caused a social impact on people as there were displaced cavalrymen, armed and unhappy, peasants overburdened by emergency taxes, impoverished students of religion, and short-term soldiers released at the end of the campaign. This created a turning point in Anatolia as they experienced the worst of the rebellions and suffered greatly from emigration and the loss of agricultural production, but an increase in banditry, overall weakening the government. -
Japan & Joseon Korea: Japanese invasion of Korea
Japan's invasion of Korea had a major effect on the politics and economy of China and Korea. The invasion caused mass devastation to the land of Korea. Due to China having to help Korea, the invasion weakened the Ming dynasty (China) and contributed to its fall. -
Period: to
Chinese Fighting in Korea
This event would have an impact on economy, social life, and political since it caused Ming funds to be exhausted in addition to the battles in the north, so the Emperor had ti make a new tax and people started protesting. Chinese troops were weakened from battles in Manchuria, so the Manchus could become stronger and invade Korea and make it a tributary state. (Ming to Qing China) -
Russian Muscovite dynasty
For over 300 years the Muscovite dynasty ruled without interruption up until 1598. In that year, the dynasty began getting into trouble with wars fighting over territory as they were trying to expand. (Political) -
Japan: Battle of Sekigahara
Ieyasu had an impact on Japan's economy and government. Ieyasu was the next shogun of Japan during the Tokugawa dynasty. He wanted to make sure that there would be no threats to his throne so he and 200,000 men went to the Osaka castle, built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, to destroy Toyotomi's son. The battle went on for two years until Ieyasu won. Tokugawa Ieyasu became the first offical Shogun of Tokugawa Japan. -
Russias economy suffered
Russia had always claimed to be in greatness, but most of those claims were exaggerations. In the 1600s the empire was poor, and mostly landlocked -
Matteo Ricci Allowed to Reside In Beijing
This event made an impact on social life, religion, and intellect since he became an expert with the Chinese language and a scholar with Confucian classics, so he was able to input Catholic traditions into Chinese cultural traditions and introduce new science and technology from Europe. (Ming to Qing China) -
Japan: Tokugawa Shogunate formed
The Tokugawa Shogunate helped Japan economically and politically. The Tokugawa Shogunate promoted the development of the Japanese economy. They also gave Japan more political unity then previous centuries. -
End of Anatolian Revolts
The Anatolian Revolts finally ended in 1610 after causing a crisis in the political composition of the state where bands of marauders would be formed causing the government's inability to stem the spread of muskets among the general public, so the end of the revolts led to a start of a more stable state. -
Period: to
Rule of first Romanov tsar in Russia, Mikhail
Ever since the first tsar (Ivan III) every tsar since then had been Russian up until ruler Mikhail became the first Romanov tsar in 1613. (political) -
Joseon Korea: First Manchu invasion of Korea
It was the tipping point of tensions between Korea and Imperial China. China wanting the Korean Peninsula while Korea wanted sovereignty. This causes a political up rise between the two nations. -
Period: to
Decline of the Safavid Empire
In the sixteenth century, the inflation of cheap silver spread into the Safavid Empire. This affected the trade to decrease because of the mismanagement of silk monopoly after Shah Abbas's death. After that, later Shahs could not afford to pay their army and bureaucracy. By 1722, the government became very weak and lost its power. -
Period: to
European Trade in the Mughal Empire
Economy: Due to the cotton industry that was blooming in India, many Europeans were attracted to trade with them. They first started at the port of Surat and begin trading until the end of the Mughal Empire. -
Period: to
Japan: Japanese edicts close down trade with Europe
Economic: The Japanese regulated trade with European countries such as Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, and England but after being suspicious of their purpose and the missionaries, Japan killed Europeans who entered Japan illegally. Not only were they killing Europeans who entered illegally, but they also killed everyone who practiced Christianity. -
Joseon Korea: Second Manchu invasion of Korea
It converted Korea into a Tributary State of Qin China, which causes China to expand and it helped them develop their empire further. It caused China's economy to become more developed. -
Period: to
Japan: Shimabara Rebellion
Christian peasants revolted against daimyo Matsukura Shigeharu due to the brutal treatment that they received. The leader being Amakusa Shiro and 23,000 rebels wanted their voices to be heard regarding religious persecution and unfair treatment through attempting to capture the castles of Shimabara and Tomioka. The rebels eventually failed. -
Period: to
Japan: Japan becomes completely closed off to the world
As Japan closes off from the world, they started to improve on their social and intellectual society. The number of temple schools increases; reading, writing, abacus, morals, and other subjects were widely taught. -
Russian Settlers began growing grain in the Amur River Valley
After conquering Siberia, Russian settlers began growing grain in the Amur River Valley. Because the Amur River Valley was closely located to Mongolia in the East, they were able to maintain closer and stronger contacts with the Chinese. They began to come in contact with Chinese authorities in the 1640s. (Social and political) -
Period: to
Rites Controversey
This event made an impact in religion. The Jesuits wanted converts so they were able to look past things and tolerated Confucian ancestor worship but the Catholics, Franciscans, Dominicans, and the Pope didn't feel the same, so the Chinese thought Christianity challenged official authority. There was always tension among the groups. (Ming to Qing China) -
Qing Conquest of Beijing
This event made a political impact since they overthrew the Ming Empire, and the Manchus would claim China and start a conquest for Ming territories that would last 40 years. (Ming to Qing China) -
Period: to
Little Ice Age
This event made an impact in social life since the yearly temperatures dropped, it resulted in trouble with agriculture and famine that led to uprisings that added to the downfall of the Ming Empire. The uprising and spread of disease resulted in the local populations decreasing drastically. This event also affected Europe. (Ming to Qing China) -
Subordination of Serfs complete in Russia
A law change created in 1649, officially created the peasants into serf through eliminating the period when they could switch masters and ordering runaway slaves to go back to their masters. In theory serfs were supposed to own land not owned by a master, but strict laws made it hard to tell the difference between a serf and a slave. (Social and economy) -
Joseon Korea: Dutch ship wrecked on Jeju Island near mainland Korea
It changed the dynamic of Korean long distance trade for the upcoming century. It helped improve their economy with the long distance trade. It also fueled the self sufficiency movement to reject non-east Asians. -
Period: to
Aurangzeb Imposes Conservative Islamic regime
Aurangzeb is the great-grandson of Akbar. During his rule, he changed Akbar's way of ruling, and he started implementing many restrictions on Hindus, which divided the country. -
Period: to
Raise of Art in the Mughal Empire
Art: Under Aurangzeb's rule, many miniature paintings of political figures and depictions of scantily clad women begun appearing. Most of the painters were Hindus who incorporated Persian art style in their painting. -
Spanish and Dutch Trading Outposts Were Conceded
This event made an impact on the economy since the trade the two had it outposts in Taiwan was going on for a while but they had to give up control since the Qing incorporated Taiwan with China. Therefore, the Spanish and Dutch would have lost money. (Ming to Qing China) -
Period: to
Rule of Emperor Kangxi
This event resulted in an political impact since he oversaw the Qing Empire's greatest expansion but his rule also had the effect of economic, military, and cultural achievements like roads and waterworks being repaired, transit taxes being lowered, rents and interests being cut, and incentives being made for areas ruined by rebellions. (Ming to Qing China) -
Stenka Razin
Stenka Razin was important politically because he was the leader of a robber band camp and he pillaged a rich convoy of government and merchant barges on the Volga River, being able to establish a camp by the Caspian Sea at the mouth of the Ural River. He was able to defeat both Iranian and Russian armies only being executed as a tsarist army finally stopped him in Moscow. -
Second Siege of Vienna
The second might siege of Vienna was a political impact in 1683 as the ill-trained Janissaries sometimes resorted to hiring substitutes for the campaign, while sultans relied of recruits raised by the governors of frontier provinces. This siege failed overall and contributed to the weakening of the Ottoman Empire. -
Japan: Matsuo Basho's Haikyus
Matsuo Basho goes on a journey to northern Honshu and wrote haikyus in a travel journal. The haikyus reflected on Japan's culture. -
Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia
This event made a political and economic impact resulting in the border along the Amur River being fixed and trade being regulated across the river, so it had endured for a long time. (Ming to Qing China) -
Princess Sophia of Russia
Princess Sophia, who is Peter the Greats half-sister, governed as a regent for him and her brother Ivan who was sickly at the time. In 1689, when Sophia attempted to gain complete control of the government, her half-brother gained enough support to send her to a monastery, secure the abdication of Ivan, and take Charge of Russia when he was in his teens. (Political) -
Period: to
Rule of Tsar Peter the Great in Russia
Peter the great came to throne as Russian tsar around a century later than the distinguished Muslim potentates Suleiman the Magnificent, the Safavid Shah Abbas, and Mughal sultan Akbar. He began introducing western languages and technologies to Russian elites. Introducing these languages and technologies moved the Russian capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. (political and social) -
Disagreement Reached A High Pitch
This event made an impact in religion since Kangxi wrote to Rome who was all for the Jesuit position but then there was debate and all missionaries were gotten rid of it they did't sign a certificate that accepted his position. (Ming to Qing China) -
Achieving port of Azov
In 1696 Peter the Great had started his southern expansion by seizing the port of Azov. -
Period: to
Following the Russian Black Sea Campaign
After the Black Sea Campaign in the winter of 1697-1698, Peter the Great travelled in a disguise across Europe to find out how western European societies became so rich and powerful. He paid special attention to their ships and weapons, and upon his return he strove to expand and reform his backwards empire, to become more like the Westerners. (political and social) -
Population Growth in China
This had effects on social life and the economy since there was an increased demand for food and agriculture, so there was deforestation, accelerated erosion, and more flooding. Therefore, towns barely had any trade. Districts tried to export more goods and in the cities there was an increase in begging, prostitution, theft, and rebellions. (Ming to Qing China) -
Ottoman Glassmakers
Ottoman glassmakers on Parade brought an artistic element to the Ottoman Empire as there would be celebrations of circumcisions of the sultan's sons at featured parades organized by craft guilds of Istanbul. Glassmaking was often a common craft in Islamic realms and provided major in their religious practices including oil lamps for mosques. -
Period: to
Great Northern War with Russian
In the Great Northern War, Peter the Great’s modernized Russian armies were able to break Swedish control of the Baltic Sea, allowing more direct contacts between Russia and Europe. Russias victory forced European powers to finally view them as a major power for the very first time, during the time when the Ottoman Empire was being seen as past its prime. (political and social) -
Japan: Trial of the Forty-Seven Ronin
The Trial of the Forty-Seven Ronin has been an interesting topic in Japan both socially and politically. It was an example of the ideological and social crisis of Japan's transformation from a military to a civil society. The self-sacrifice of the ronin was for the sake of upholding civil law. -
Period: to
Decline of the Mughal Empire
Political: The Mughal Empire began to decline after Aurangzeb's death. The additional territory that he acquired was not well integrated into the imperial structure, and regional power began to appear. Later, Nadir Shah's attack completely weakened the empire. -
Russias new capital, St. Petersburg
Peter the Great, who greatly admired Western culture, built St. Petersburg as his window on the West. He based the style of the buildings in St. Petersburg off the baroque style in France, pushed Russian elites to imitate European fashions, ended traditional seclusion of upperclass woman, and directed nobles to educate their children as an effort to become more Western. (Political and Social) -
Russia losing the port of Azov
In 1696, Russia seized the port of Azov which they then eventually lost in 1713. Losing the port to the Ottoman empire ended Russias expansion southward. -
Japan: Change in Currency in Japan
Before 1714, Japan's currency was based on rice. The new currency of this time period was gold Shotoku Koban. -
Russian decree of 1716
A decree of 1716 said that the tsar “is not obliged to answer to anyone in the world for his doings, but posses power and authority over his kingdom and land, to rule them at his will and pleasure as a Christian ruler.” Under the decree, Peter the Great limited the traditional roles of boyars, brought Orthodox Church under more government control, built more factories to provide supplies to the military, raised taxes, and enforced greater forced labor on the serfs. (Political, social, religion.) -
Period: to
The Tulip Period
The Tulip Period is significant in that it was the last years sultan Ahmed III reigned. At this time, the Istanbul elite experimented with European clothing and furniture styles. It brought an economic impact in that it brought a craze for high-priced tulip bulbs that swept Ottoman ruling circles, and this also led to the Janissary conservative revolt. -
Afghan invaders topple last Safavid shah
Political
The Safavid Empire became bankrupted and could not pay their soldiers. By 1722, the government became very weak and lost its power that an army of Afghan was able to capture Isfahan and end Safavid Rule. -
Janissary revolt begins period of Ottoman conservatism
Janissaries (infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms) constituted the elite of the Ottoman army and with their revolt, this brought a political impact in that the central government weakened as Janissaries were the one who helped to lessen the state's budget. The revolt also led to a social effect in that it permitted the rise of local powers such as the mamluks, lower officials, and upstart chieftains. -
Gala Soirees
Gala Soirees were important economically in 1730 at which guests watched turtles with candles on their backs wander in the dark though massive tulip beds and this gave way to the conservative Janissary revolt with strong religious overtones in 1730 that dictated government policies. -
Period: to
Rule of Emperor Qianlong
This event made an economical impact resulting in foreign trade being encouraged so the effect was that Vietnam, Burma, and Nepal would send embassies to the Qing court and chinese fashions would be carried back which would have an impact on social life. (Ming to Qing China) -
Nadir Shah invades Mughal Empire
Political: Nadir Shah established the Afsharid dynasty after the fall of the Safavid Empire. He temporarily reunited Iran, and invaded the Mughal capital and carried off to Iran the "Peacock Throne," which was the symbol of Mughal grandeur. -
Period: to
Joseph Francois in India
Economy: Joseph Francois Dupleix started trading in the Mughal Empire after taking over the French stronghold of Pondicherry. Dupleix's trade in India opened the way for British control in India. -
Controversy Ended
This event made an impact on religion since the Pope ended the dispute by going against the Jesuits and making the Catholics get rid of the Chinese practices of rites and ceremonies, so there would be less strife among the Chinese and missionaries. (Ming to Qing China) -
Sunni Movement
In Central Arabia, a puritanical Sunni movement inspired by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab began a rise beyond the Ottomans' power. This religious movement created a political and social impact as the sultan's power was slipping away to the advantage of the lower officials and the upstart of chieftains in all parts of the empire while the Ottoman economy was reorienting towards Europe. -
Mamluks Rise
Selim I had defeated the mamluk sultanate, but mamluks reappeared in several Arab cities. Janissaries and mamluks would often compete for power, but Janissaries came out on top in Aleppo and Damascus.The mamluks brought a social impact on the Ottoman Empire in 1750 as they regained a dominant position in Europe. -
Workshops Throughout China
This event made an economical impact since the workshops were making wallpaper and other items based on what the European merchants specified so it effected Europe since the items were exported through Canton. (Ming to Qing China) -
Russias capital continued to grow
The capital continued to grow as Russias commercial and administrative center. In St. Petersburg, canals were the citys major arteries in traveling and trade. One specific canal often used was the Fontanka Canal which one of Peters successor had built a summer home near. (Econemy and art). -
Emperor Qianlong's Poems Translated Into French
This event made an intellectual impact since Chinese political philosophy would be introduced to Europeans and that led to Voltaire, a French thinker, advocating that ruling should be used as protection against the upper class getting more privileges. (Ming to Qing China) -
Capitulations
Capitulations were an economic impact as they were trade agreements that eventually led to political European domination of Ottoman seaborne trade as Muslim merchants trading in Yemeni were charged 15% for duties and fees, while European traders, who had long-standing trade agreements with the Ottomans, paid little more than 3%. -
Japan: Neo-Confucianism becomes offical philosophy of Japan
Religious: The philosophy would fuel resentment between China and Japan, but would strengthen the unity of its own people. -
Macartney Mission
This event made a economic impact resulting in the effect of the British Empire trying to have diplomatic relations with the Qing Empire so it led to the East India Company wanting to fix the trading system. It made a lasing effect since Lord George Macartney had experience in Russia, India, and China and they were some of the only who actually tried to reach out with China about the trade. (Ming to Qing China) -
Large population of Russian Serfs
In 1795, Russian census revealed that over half the population was made up of serfs, while only 2 percent was made up of landowners. Meaning, the serfs, who shouldve been allowed to own their own land, rarely owned any. (Social and Economy) -
Qianlong Emperor Received Macartney
This event had an economical and political impact since the emperor decided to not change the canton trading system which had the lasting effect of no new ports for trading or British making a permanent mission in Beijing. It effected Britain since China didn't need more foreign trade. British devices or manufacturers, and didn't want ties. (Ming to Qing China) -
Russian Ruler Catherine the Great
Near the end of Catherine the Greats rule, Russia had encompassed all of northern and northeastern Eurasia. After Russia had began to expand from the East, they made their way up North over the span of 300 years. (Political) -
Jesuit Presence in China Declined
This event made an impact in religion since it resulted in Chinese emperors later persecuting Christians when before they were widely accepted and even put into high office positions. Religion in China would no longer have influence from Christianity and Christians did not try as much to gain more converts in China. (Ming to Qing China)
